Fwd: Science X Newsletter Wednesday, Sep 23

RESPEKT!

Babies time their smiles to make their moms smile in return

What motivates 'Facebook stalking' after a romantic breakup?

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Newsletter Phys.org <not-for-reply@physorg.com>
Date: Thu, Sep 24, 2015 at 4:08 AM
Subject: Science X Newsletter Wednesday, Sep 23
To: Pascal Alter <pascal.alter@gmail.com>

White Paper: Simulation for the Masses

See how modern simulation software and hardware are revolutionizing the design workflow in this free white paper sponsored by Dell, Intel, and COMSOL: http://goo.gl/N7wTqX

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Dear Pascal Alter,

Here is your customized Phys.org Newsletter for September 23, 2015:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

- Researchers fail to replicate STAP study; computational analysis reveals genomic inconsistency
- The hidden evolutionary relationship between pigs and primates revealed by genome-wide study of transposable elements
- How the universe's brightest galaxies were born
- Study links two human brains for question-and-answer experiment
- Twisting neutrons: Orbital angular momentum of neutron waves can be controlled
- Enamel evolved in the skin and colonized the teeth much later
- Metastatic breast cancer cells turn on stem cell genes
- Team finds role for soft palate in adaptation of transmissible influenza viruses
- Millions more government fingerprints deemed stolen (Update)
- Like a foreman, brain region keeps us on task
- Study shows oceanic phytoplankton declines in northern hemisphere
- Physiologists uncover a new code at the heart of biology
- The world's nitrogen fixation, explained
- Quantum entanglement: New study predicts a quantum Goldilocks effect
- Nearly half of US seafood supply is wasted

Nanotechnology news

	Ultrathin lens could revolutionise next-gen devices Researchers at Swinburne University of Technology, collaborating with Monash University, have developed an ultrathin, flat, ultra-lightweight graphene oxide optical lens with unprecedented flexibility.
	New graphene oxide biosensors may accelerate research of HIV and cancer drugs Longing to find a cure for cancer, HIV and other incurable diseases, researchers have already tried out hundreds of drugs, each requiring preclinical and clinical testing with live subjects. How many more chemical agents to try? At such a rate, will we find the cure during our lifetime?
	Quantum dots light up under strain Semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots, are tiny, nanometer-sized particles with the ability to absorb light and re-emit it with well-defined colors. With low-cost fabrication, long-term stability and a wide palette of colors, they have become a building blocks of the display technology, improving the image quality of TV-sets, tablets, and mobile phones. Exciting quantum dot applications are also emerging in the fields of green energy, optical sensing, and bio-imaging.
Nanoparticles could boost effectiveness and reduce side effects of allergy shots Whether triggered by cats, bees, pollen or mites, allergies are on the rise. And the bad news doesn't stop there. The only current therapy that treats their causes is allergen-specific immunotherapy—or allergy shots—which can cause severe side effects. Now, researchers report in Biomacromolecules the development of a potentially better allergy shot that uses nanocarriers to address these unwanted issues.
	Color-coding sensor: Nanostructures for contactless control Chemists at Ludwig-Maximilians-Univeristaet (LMU) in Munich have fabricated a novel nanosheet-based photonic crystal that changes color in response to moisture. The new material could form the basis for humidity-sensitive contactless control of interactive screens on digital devices.

Physics news

	Twisting neutrons: Orbital angular momentum of neutron waves can be controlled It's easy to contemplate the wave nature of light in common experience. White light passing through a prism spreads out into constituent colors; it diffracts from atmospheric moisture into a rainbow; light passing across a sharp edge or a diffraction grating creates an interference pattern. It's harder to fathom the wave behavior of things usually thought of as particles, such as electrons and atoms. And yet these matter waves play a role in physics and in technology. For example, electron beams, manifested as waves, provide an important form of microscopy.
Frustrated magnets point towards new memory Theoretical physicists from the University of Groningen, supported by the FOM Foundation, have discovered that so-called 'frustrated magnets' can produce skyrmions, tiny magnetic vortices that may be used in memory storage. This discovery opens up a new class of materials for scientists working on 'skyrmionics', which aims to build memory and logic devices based on skyrmions. The results are published on 23 September in Nature Communications.
	Study is the first to apply measurement methods in spin caloritronics field An experiment at Tohoku University (Japan) in 2008 laid the foundations for research on 'spin caloritronics' – a field that aims to develop more effective and energy-saving data processing in information technology. Since then, many new spincaloric effects have been studied, but the key experiment in Japan could not be replicated. Researchers at Bielefeld University's Faculty of Physics have now found an explanation for this. They have published their findings in the journal Nature Communications. By applying a new measurement method available at major research facilities, they have also extended the experimental repertoire in spin caloritronics. These results can be found in the journal Physical Review Letters.
	Quantum entanglement: New study predicts a quantum Goldilocks effect Just as in the well-known children's story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears, something good happens when things are done in moderation, rather than in extremes.
Novel scalable software helps in silico discovery of materials for energy Software that greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of calculations of materials' properties from basic quantum principles has been released by scientists at the University of Chicago and the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory.
Extreme density—approaching a poorly understood state of matter Warm dense matter displays characteristics of all other physical states at the same time, in apparent contradiction. The Kiel-based scientists have now developed a new simulation technique which overcomes the inaccuracies of existing theoretical models in describing this state of matter. They have published their research findings in the current edition of the journal Physical Review Letters.
CERN and the JRC to scale up production of alpha-emitters against cancer A novel, accelerator-driven method could produce nuclides for targeted alpha therapy of cancer in practically unlimited amounts, overcoming current obstacles for its wider use due to a limited production of alpha-emitters. The JRC and the Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN) have embarked to explore the potential of the jointly proposed method.

Earth news

	Effort to map aurora borealis using Twitter The past few months have been exciting for followers of the aurora borealis, commonly known as the Northern Lights. Sizable solar storms have produced spectacular auroras that have been visible in a much larger area than usual, including in parts of Pennsylvania. A professor at Penn State's College of Information Sciences and Technology (IST), in collaboration with scientists at NASA, is exploring how Twitter can be leveraged to help people track aurora sightings.
	Ancient pollen points to mega-droughts in California thousands of years ago Ancient pollen spores that were floating in the air when mammoths roamed Southern California are providing new insights into historic droughts in the region, including how a series of mega-droughts between about 27,500 and 25,500 years ago changed the ecological landscape. A new scientific paper tracks these changes and suggests that warm ocean conditions similar to what we see off Southern California today fueled that 2,000-year stretch of droughts.
	Study shows oceanic phytoplankton declines in northern hemisphere The world's oceans have seen significant declines in certain types of microscopic plant-life at the base of the marine food chain, according to a new NASA study. The research, published Sept. 23 in Global Biogeochemical Cycles, a journal of the American Geophysical Union, is the first to look at global, long-term phytoplankton community trends based on a model driven by NASA satellite data.
	Canadian River used for oilsands extraction may be at risk from drought (Phys.org)—A trio of researchers with the University of Regina and University of Western Ontario, both in Canada, has found that a history of drought in the areas that feed the Athabasca River indicates that droughts are likely in the future, perhaps putting oilsands mining in jeopardy. In their paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, David Sauchyn, Jeannine-Marie St-Jacques, and Brian Luckman describe their study of tree rings in the area and what doing so revealed about the history of rainfall there.
	Meteorite bashing changed Earth's chemistry, study says In its early life, Earth suffered a meteorite pummelling that lasted 100 million years and may have changed its chemical makeup forever, researchers said Wednesday.
	Global warming: Are trees going on strike? Trees, crucial absorbers of climate-harming carbon dioxide gas, may finally be balking at an ever-earlier spring season brought on by global warming, researchers said Wednesday.
	Nearly half of US seafood supply is wasted As much as 47 percent of the edible U.S. seafood supply is lost each year, mainly from consumer waste, new research from the Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future (CLF) suggests.
	Eye in the sky gives Arctic scientists new insight into ice loss A custom-built Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) has helped Scottish-based scientists survey one of the world's most dangerous terrains as they seek to discover causes of ice loss in the Arctic.
	Climate change reporting in nation's leading newspapers influenced by management's political leanings, study finds When it comes to reporting on climate change, the nation's four most widely read newspapers are being influenced by management's political positions, despite the tradition in American print journalism that editorials should not have any effect on straight news coverage.
	Buoy data to inform how aquaculture fits into working waterfront University of Maine scientists have deployed an ocean-observing buoy at the mouth of the Damariscotta River to help scientists understand how different types and scales of aquaculture can fit into Maine's multi-use working waterfront.
	Biodiversity and carbon co-benefits to improve sustainable palm oil A new report by the Science-Policy Partnership Network, led by the University of York, provides important new information to conserve biodiversity and facilitate more sustainable palm oil production.
	NOx gases in diesel car fumes: Why are they so dangerous? Nitrogen oxides, poisonous gases that contribute to acid rain and suffocating smog, are found in the fumes of diesel cars like the ones Volkswagen has admitted to fitting with emissions-cheating software.
	High hopes as world leaders meet to agree global survival plan The expected approval of a new worldwide development deal later this week gives hope that nations can work together to eradicate poverty and protect the environment. All 193 UN member states will formally agree the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development on Friday at what is billed to be the largest ever gathering of world leaders.
	Could indigenous knowledge systems combat climate change? As the global scientific community combines technology and brains to track climate change patterns and effects, the indigenous populations across the world have, for generations, already been noting these changes in a landscape they know intimately.
	Suomi-NPP VIIRS image of Tassajara fire The Tassajara fire began on September 19, 2015 and is located in the Carmel Valley, California. Overnight the fire grew to over 1,000 acres, but has been limited to 1,086 acres since then and is 65% contained. There has been one fatality and 10 residences have been damaged or destroyed, numerous outbuildings have also been damaged or destroyed.
U-M releases final report on high-volume hydraulic fracturing in Michigan University of Michigan researchers today released the final version of a report analyzing policy options for the state of Michigan regarding high-volume hydraulic fracturing, the natural gas and oil extraction process commonly known as fracking.
	NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP peers into Tropical Storm Dujuan NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite passed over Tropical Storm Dujuan on Sept. 23 and saw a large and elongated circulation.
	NASA, NOAA satellites show wind shear affecting Tropical Storm Ida On Sept. 22 at 12:17 p.m. EDT the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, or AIRS, instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite provided an infrared look at Ida. AIRS data showed that southwesterly vertical wind shear was pushing clouds and strongest storms with coldest cloud tops to the east and northeast of the center. Cloud top temperatures were as cold as -63 degrees Fahrenheit/-53 degrees Celsius, indicative of strong storms with the potential for heavy rain. Fortunately, Ida remains over open ocean.

Astronomy & Space news

	How the universe's brightest galaxies were born The brightest galaxies in our universe are fuelled by what their gravity sucks in, not through explosive mergers of star systems as scientists previously argued, researchers said Wednesday.
	A cosmic rose with many names This new image of the rose-colored star forming region Messier 17 was captured by the Wide Field Imager on the MPG/ESO 2.2-meter telescope at ESO's La Silla Observatory in Chile. It is one of the sharpest images showing the entire nebula and not only reveals its full size but also retains fine detail throughout the cosmic landscape of gas clouds, dust and newborn stars.
	Hot, dense material surrounds O-type star with largest magnetic field known Observations using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory revealed that the unusually large magnetosphere around an O-type star called NGC 1624-2 contains a raging storm of extreme stellar winds and dense plasma that gobbles up X-rays before they can escape into space.
	Milky Way's black hole shows signs of increased chatter Three orbiting X-ray space telescopes have detected an increased rate of X-ray flares from the usually quiet giant black hole at the center of our Milky Way galaxy after new long-term monitoring. Scientists are trying to learn whether this is normal behavior that was unnoticed due to limited monitoring, or these flares are triggered by the recent close passage of a mysterious, dusty object.
	Fish reveal details of bone density loss during space missions Studies of medaka fish raised on the International Space Station shed light on how bone responds to sustained exposure to microgravity.
	Moons in hiding Prometheus and Pandora are almost hidden in Saturn's rings in this image.
	Stunning new Pluto aerial tour I'm Stuart Robbins, a research scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado. NASA's New Horizons spacecraft made hundreds of individual observations during its flyby of the Pluto system in mid-July. The spacecraft is now sending back lots of image and composition data; over the past two weeks, New Horizons has returned to Earth dozens of images at up to 400 meters per pixel (m/px) of the flyby hemisphere, and this has given scientists and the public an unprecedented view of this mysterious world.
	Can you grow potatoes on Mars? This is not as odd a question as it sounds, and by next week I reckon a good lot of you will be pondering it. Why? Well the 30th September sees the opening of The Martian in Australia, director Ridley Scott's latest offering. It's a survivor tale, telling the plight of a lone astronaut trapped on Mars.
	Supermoon plus eclipse equals rare sky show Sunday night (Update) Get ready for a rare double feature this weekend, starring our very own moon.
	See a glowing 'honey moon' and unique star trails in new night sky timelapse The "stars" of a new 3-minute timelapse are some very unique star trails and a glowing fireball that is actually a giant 'honey moon'—the full Moon in June. Gavin Heffernan from Sunchaser Pictures and Harun Mehmedinovic from Bloodhoney.com teamed up for this video, filming in gorgeous mountain locations in the Southwestern US, showcasing gathering storm clouds and stunning night sky scenes.
	Remembering the Vela incident Thirty-six years ago today, a strange event was detected over the Southern Indian Ocean that remains controversial. On September 22nd, 1979, an American Vela Hotel satellite detected an atmospheric explosion over the southern Indian Ocean near the Prince Edward Islands. The event occurred at 00:53 Universal Time on the pre-dawn nighttime side of the Earth. Vela's gamma-ray and x-ray detectors rang out in surprise, along with its two radiometers (known as Bhangmeters) which also captured the event.

Technology news

	3-D printing: WASP praises Maker Economy model of home fabrication Question: Can the construction energy expect big changes on the way? We have seen the headlines about drones building bridges fit enough for a human to cross and now there is news of a massive 3-D printer with its designers' aspirations to create low-cost houses using sustainable materials.
	Robot revolution sweeps China's factory floors In China's factories, the robots are rising.
	With iPhone launch, Apple eyes better customer connection It's not just another iPhone launch. This time, Apple is pushing not only a new device, but what it says is a new relationship with its customers.
	Sodium-ion batteries are potential power technology of future The high cost and scarcity of lithium are driving research to develop alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, especially to meet future needs in energy storage, say researchers from Purdue University in an article about a potential replacement.
	Regular dusting bolsters solar panel performance Perth residents who are the proud custodians of solar panels could boost the amount of power that the arrays produce over an extended period of time by simply removing dust particles from the panels.
	Soldiers crossing with Soft Exosuit tech to lighten fatigue The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is testing exoskeletons on real soldiers. Deep in the woods in Maryland, reports IEEE Spectrum, the U.S Army Research Laboratory (ARL) at Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland has been testing their performance.
	Millions more government fingerprints deemed stolen (Update) The number of people applying for or receiving security clearances whose fingerprint images were stolen in one of the worst government data breaches is now believed to be 5.6 million, not 1.1 million as first thought, the Office of Personnel Management announced Wednesday.
	Instagram tops 400 million users Instagram has rocketed past the 400-million-user mark, with more than 80 million pictures shared daily at the Facebook-owned service.
	Starbucks, Nike join 100% renewable energy pledge Major US companies including Walmart, Starbucks and Nike vowed Wednesday to move completely to renewable energy in the long term as part of a global effort against climate change.
	Europe-US data sharing deal 'invalid' A major data-sharing deal between the EU and US is 'invalid' given the spying revelations in the Edward Snowden scandal, the top EU court's main legal advisor said Wednesday in a case brought against Facebook.
	NASA-developed technology aims to save commercial airlines fuel, time Two passenger airlines soon will test NASA-developed software designed to help air carriers save time and reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions.
	Cooling tower could revolutionise energy generation in drought areas New technology from the University of Queensland could transform electricity generation, making it cheaper and more reliable for drought-affected areas.
	High-tech pipelines aim to cut freight traffic When it comes to moving freight around Europe, road transport remains a driving force. But trucks get stuck in traffic and pollute the environment. Now innovators are looking below the surface at a greener, more efficient alternative
	Highly flexible and wearable tactile sensor for robotics, electronics and healthcare applications A team of scientists from the National University of Singapore (NUS) Faculty of Engineering has developed a wearable liquid-based microfluidic tactile sensor that is small, thin, highly flexible and durable. Simple and cost-effective to produce, this novel device is very suitable for applications such as soft robotics, wearable consumer electronics, smart medical prosthetic devices, as well as real-time healthcare monitoring.
	New sports technology provides a GPS alternative When it comes to recording accurate performance data for elite athletes, GPS technology can't keep up, a Griffith researcher claims.
	ORNL integrated energy demo connects 3-D printed building, vehicle A research demonstration unveiled today at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory combines clean energy technologies into a 3D-printed building and vehicle to showcase a new approach to energy use, storage and consumption.
	Uber launches new commute sharing, starting in China Ride-sharing giant Uber has unveiled a new car-sharing service for commuters, which will be launched first in Chengdu, China.
Child's play shifts to mobile gadgets Children are going mobile with their video game play, shifting away from computers and consoles, according to a report released on Wednesday by NPD Group.
	Facebook adds 360-degree video to News Feed Facebook on Wednesday began rolling out 360-degree viewing at the leading social network, letting people change their perspectives in specially created videos.
Page-turner: After sizzling growth, e-book sales cool Sales of electronic books have turned lower in 2015 in a stark reversal following several years of spectacular growth, an industry group said Wednesday.
	Investment treaty between China and US key business goal When Chinese President Xi Jinping addresses a meeting of some of the top names in Chinese and American business Wednesday, they may be most interested what he says about progress toward a treaty between the nations that would provide a framework for broader investment in each other's economy.
Report: China inks deal to buy 300 Boeing jets Chinese companies have agreed with Boeing to buy 300 jets and build an aircraft assembly plant in China in deals signed during President Xi Jinping's visit to the United States, the official Xinhua news agency said Wednesday.
	Ad blockers rise as ads annoy, bog down websites When you visit a website, you often find yourself waiting and waiting for advertisements to load. Video starts playing automatically, and animated ads jump in front of what you were there to see. The seconds tick by.
Couple ordered to pay $10 million for stealing trade secrets A judge has ordered a former employee of a mid-Missouri tech firm and his wife to pay $10 million for stealing trade secrets and partnering with a Chinese firm to sell knockoff products to unsuspecting buyers, including the U.S. Navy.
Ireland loses lucrative tech conference to Portugal The Web Summit, one of Europe's leading tech conferences will move to Lisbon from Dublin next year, organisers said Wednesday, in a multi-million-euro blow to the Irish economy.

Chemistry news

	Molecular diagnostics at home: Chemists design rapid, simple, inexpensive tests using DNA Chemists at the University of Montreal used DNA molecules to developed rapid, inexpensive medical diagnostic tests that take only a few minutes to perform. Their findings, which will officially be published tomorrow in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, may aid efforts to build point-of-care devices for quick medical diagnosis of various diseases ranging from cancer, allergies, autoimmune diseases, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and many others. The new technology may also drastically impact global health, due to its low cost and easiness of use, according to the research team. The rapid and easy-to-use diagnostic tests are made of DNA and use one of the simplest force in chemistry, steric effects - a repulsion force that arises when atoms are brought too close together - to detect a wide array of protein markers that are linked to various diseases.
	Ultrafast lasers offer 3-D micropatterning of biocompatible silk hydrogels Tufts University biomedical engineers are using low-energy, ultrafast laser technology to make high-resolution, 3-D structures in silk protein hydrogels. The laser-based micropatterning represents a new approach to customized engineering of tissue and biomedical implants.
	Chemists create switchable gold catalyst A gold catalyst whose behaviour can be controlled by the addition of acid or metal ion cofactors has been designed by chemists from the University of Southampton.
	New synthesis method imitates the way molecules were formed at the dawn of life on Earth Researchers from the Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), with support from the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Service of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) have developed a method for synthesising organic molecules very selectively, by assembling simple molecules and using an enzyme from E. coli (FSA: D-fructose-6-phosphate aldolase), which acts as a biocatalyst.
	The world's nitrogen fixation, explained Yale University scientists may have cracked a part of the chemical code for one of the most basic, yet mysterious, processes in the natural world—nature's ability to transform nitrogen from the air into usable nitrogen compounds.
Researchers develop a library of elastin-like proteins to help in creating synthetic designs (Phys.org)—A pair of researchers at Duke University has built a library of protein data that outlines the specific amino acid sequences that control changes of many elastin proteins. In their paper published in the journal Nature Materials, Felipe García Quiroz and Ashutosh Chilkoti describe their research, the making of their library, and their belief that what they have created will help in the development of new synthetic designs for possible use in medical applications.
	Liquid crystals show potential for detection of neuro-degenerative disease Liquid crystals are familiar to most of us as the somewhat humdrum stuff used to make computer displays and TVs. Even for scientists, it has not been easy to find other ways of using them.
	Room temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide with 100% efficiency Ultra-thin 1-dimensional (1D) nanowires (NWs) have emerged as a new class of effective nanoscale catalysts, exhibiting impressive activity and durability, as demonstrated by their excellent performance in fuel cell reactions.
	Team develops novel eco high performance energy storage device The Department of Applied Physics of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) has developed a simple approach to synthesize novel environmentally friendly manganese dioxide ink by using glucose.
	Toward tires that repair themselves A cut or torn tire usually means one thing—you have to buy a new one. But some day, that could change. For the first time, scientists have made tire-grade rubber without the processing step—vulcanization—that has been essential to inflatable tires since their invention. The resulting material heals itself and could potentially withstand the long-term pressures of driving. Their report appears in the journal ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces.
	Method could make hydrogen fuel cells more efficient With the growth of wind and solar energy and the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, many people in the U.S. may have forgotten about the promised "hydrogen economy." But in research labs around the world, progress continues. Now scientists are reporting in the Journal of the American Chemical Society a new process that could help us move faster toward sustainable hydrogen-based energy.
	Antimicrobial film for future implants The implantation of medical devices is not without risks. Bacterial or fungal infections can occur and the body's strong immune response may lead to the rejection of the implant. Researchers at Unit 1121 "Biomaterials and Bio-engineering" (Inserm/Strasbourg university) have succeeded in creating a biofilm with antimicrobial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. It may be used to cover titanium implants (orthopaedic prostheses, pacemakers...) prevent or control post-operative infections. Other frequently used medical devices that cause numerous infectious problems, such as catheters, may also benefit.

Biology news

	The hidden evolutionary relationship between pigs and primates revealed by genome-wide study of transposable elements (Phys.org)—In the past, geneticists focused primarily on the evolution of genes in order to trace the relationships between species. More recently, genetic elements called SINEs (short interspersed elements) have emerged as a much better way to trace mammalian phylogeny, at least in the time since its massive radiation some 60 million years ago. That's because the prolific SINE family evolved differently in every lineage to become widespread throughout the entire genome of each. But SINEs are more than just highly mobile markers, they have specific functions—functions which researchers are now decoding to understand not just how, but why they move about like they do.
Researchers fail to replicate STAP study; computational analysis reveals genomic inconsistency Tremendous controversy erupted in early 2014 when two papers published in Nature described how a technique called "stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency," or STAP, could quickly and efficiently turn ordinary cells into pluripotent stem cells, that is, stem cells capable of developing into all the tissues in the body.
	A gene that makes male mosquitoes more fertile could also increase malaria transmission Malaria is a deadly disease transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. Curiously, only female mosquitoes bite – male mosquitoes only feed on sugar, not on blood. That is because male mosquitoes do not need an extra dose of nutrients to produce eggs, which is a job for the females. But even if male mosquitoes do not feed on you, and thus, cannot transmit malaria, it does not mean they don't matter. In fact, researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Infection Biology in Berlin and the CNRS in Strasbourg have discovered that male mosquitoes are probably more important than previously thought.
	Mantis shrimp found to spar safely with deadly weapons (Phys.org)—A pair of biology researchers at Duke University has found that the mantis shrimp engages in an unusual form of sparring during territorial disputes—hammering each other on their tailplates. In their paper published in Royal Society Biology Letters, Patrick Green and Sheila Patek describe their initial expectations regarding behavior of the crustaceans and then what they actually observed.
	Physiologists uncover a new code at the heart of biology UT Southwestern physiologists trying to understand the genetic code have found a previously unknown code that helps explain which protein should be created to form a particular type of cell.
	Highly endangered Sumatran rhino pregnant with 2nd calf A Sumatran rhinoceros is pregnant with her second calf at an Indonesian sanctuary in the original habitat of the highly endangered species, a government conservation official said Wednesday.
	Breeding study could save endangered long–beaked echidna An echidna-breeding partnership between The University of Queensland and the Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary has proved so successful that researchers hope their model could help save endangered echidna species.
	Million-dollar mite eradicated via selective spray dates As tiny as a pinhead, red-legged earth mites (Halotydeus destructor) might be small, but they are costing Australian farmers up to $200 million in lost production every year.
	Horse owners can manage flies with wasps instead of pesticides Horses need help when it comes to insect pests like flies. But, unfortunately, horse owners are in the dark about how best to manage flies because research just hasn't been done, according to a new overview of equine fly management in the latest issue of the Journal of Integrated Pest Management, an open-access journal that is written for farmers, ranchers, and extension professionals.
	Giraffes 'hum' - but only at night Lions roar, wolves howl and elephants trumpet. But what do giraffes do to communicate? They "hum", new research suggested on Wednesday - and only at night.
Viruses join fight against harmful bacteria In the hunt for new ways to kill harmful bacteria, scientists have turned to a natural predator: viruses that infect bacteria. By tweaking the genomes of these viruses, known as bacteriophages, researchers hope to customize them to target any type of pathogenic bacteria.
	Largest genetic rice database now available free online The world's biggest genetic rice database is now available free online, a move scientists hope will contribute to a "green revolution", a leading rice research group said Wednesday.
	Cold rush: Bird diversity higher in winter than summer in Central Valley During the warmer months, the air surrounding California's rivers and streams is alive with the flapping of wings and chirping of birds. But once the buzz and breeding of spring and summer are over, these riparian areas grow quiet. Sometimes it seems as though there are hardly any birds there at all.
	Sage grouse plan aims for balance between industry, wildlife A cooperative effort to save a ground-dwelling bird has diverted it from possible extinction, federal officials declared Tuesday, as they sought to safeguard the habitat of a declining species while maintaining key pieces of the American West's economy—oil and gas drilling and ranching.
	Formula to get rid of black spots in papaya developed Papaya, banana and mango planters often face the problem of post-harvest diseases – ringspot or Anthracnose – where black spots on the fruits will grow bigger, causing the fruits to turn bad.
	Watch for venomous snakes when afield With dove season in full-swing and bow season for deer just around the corner, hunters should be aware of their surroundings, said a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service wildlife specialist.
	Hungry brown bears terrorising Siberian villagers: official Famished brown bears are terrorising villagers in Siberia as drought and wildfires force the animals to search for food closer to built-up areas, an official told AFP Wednesday.
	Whales return to Long Island Sound after long hiatus It has been the year of the whale on Long Island Sound, where fishermen and other boaters have reveled in the return of the marine mammals after a long hiatus.

Medicine & Health news

	Study links two human brains for question-and-answer experiment Imagine a question-and-answer game played by two people who are not in the same place and not talking to each other. Round after round, one player asks a series of questions and accurately guesses the object the other is thinking about. Sci-fi? Mind-reading superpowers? Not quite.
	No link between coffee consumption and common type of irregular heartbeat There is no association between coffee consumption and an increased risk of atrial fibrillation, according to research published in the open access journal BMC Medicine. The research includes a meta-analysis of four other studies, making it the largest study its kind, involving nearly 250,000 individuals over the course of 12 years.
Researchers isolate human muscle stem cells UC San Francisco researchers have successfully isolated human muscle stem cells and shown that the cells could robustly replicate and repair damaged muscles when grafted onto an injured site. The laboratory finding paves the way for potential treatments for patients with severe muscle injury, paralysis or genetic diseases such as muscular dystrophy.
	Researchers conduct high-res analyses on lesions in tissue A precise understanding of how ion beams affect biological tissue is of great importance for both radiotherapy applications and the assessment of radioprotection risks, e.g. to astronauts on long term missions in space.
	Workshop on the use of biospecimens calls for broad initial consent with oversight (Medical Xpress)—In the recent edition of the American Journal of Bioethics, the target article, authored by a consortium of participants of a workshop hosted by the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center's Department of Bioethics, discussed broad consent with oversight as an ethically appropriate response to the changing nature of research with biospecimens.
	How the brain encodes time and place When you remember a particular experience, that memory has three critical elements—what, when, and where. MIT neuroscientists have now identified a brain circuit that processes the "when" and "where" components of memory.
	Like a foreman, brain region keeps us on task If you sometimes feel like you have a little foreman in your head who keeps you on track while you work step-by-step through a sequence of tasks, you aren't far off. In new research, Brown University scientists report evidence that a particular part of the brain is responsible for exactly that function.
	Metastatic breast cancer cells turn on stem cell genes It only takes seconds: one cancerous cell breaks off from a tumor, slips into the bloodstream and quickly lodges elsewhere in the body. These colonizers may bloom into deadly metastatic cancer right away or lie dormant for years, only to trigger a recurrence decades after the primary tumor is removed.
	Team finds role for soft palate in adaptation of transmissible influenza viruses National Institutes of Health scientists and their colleagues identified a previously unappreciated role for the soft palate during research to better understand how influenza (flu) viruses acquire the ability to move efficiently between people. In studies using ferrets, the team collected evidence that this patch of mucous-coated soft tissue separating the mouth from the nasal cavity is a key site for the emergence of flu viruses with a heightened ability to spread through the air. The finding could aid efforts to define the properties governing flu virus transmissibility and predict which viruses are most likely to spark pandemics.
	Babies time their smiles to make their moms smile in return Why do babies smile when they interact with their parents? Could their smiles have a purpose? In the Sept. 23 issue of PLOS ONE, a team of computer scientists, roboticists and developmental psychologists confirm what most parents already suspect: when babies smile, they do so with a purpose—to make the person they interact with smile in return.
	Drug disarms deadly C. difficile bacteria without destroying healthy gut flora Stanford University School of Medicine scientists successfully defeated a dangerous intestinal pathogen, Clostridium difficile, with a drug targeting its toxins rather than its life.
	New research suggests not all trans fatty acids are bad for you New evidence suggests that low levels of trans fatty acids (TFAs) may not be as harmful to human health as previously thought, even if industrially produced, and may even be beneficial if they occur naturally in foods such as dairy and meat products, according to a study published today (Wednesday) in the European Heart Journal [1].
	New technique negotiates neuron jungle to target source of Parkinson's disease Researchers from Imperial College London and Newcastle University believe they have found a potential new way to target cells of the brain affected by Parkinson's disease.
If you're sitting down, don't sit still, new research suggests New research suggests that the movements involved in fidgeting may counteract the adverse health impacts of sitting for long periods.
Taming hot flashes without hormones: What works, what doesn't Some three-quarters of North American women have menopausal hot flashes, but many cannot use hormones for medical reasons or choose not to. Numerous products and techniques are promoted for hot flashes, but do they work, and are they safe? To answer these questions, a North American Menopause Society (NAMS) panel of experts weighed the evidence and made recommendations in a position statement, "Nonhormonal management of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms," published online today in the Society's journal, Menopause.
	Do women experience negative emotions differently than men? Women react differently to negative images compared to men, which may be explained by subtle differences in brain function. This neurobiological explanation for women's apparent greater sensitivity has been demonstrated by researchers at the CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal) and the University of Montreal, whose findings were published today in Psychoneuroendocrinology.
Study shows restricting access at known 'suicide hotspots' reduces the number of suicides by more than 90 percent Blocking the means of suicide (eg, installing barriers and safety nets) at suicide hotspots like high bridges and cliffs can reduce the number of deaths at these sites by more than 90%, new research published in The Lancet Psychiatry journal has found.
Company says will cut price of drug after accused gouging The company that sparked an angry backlash after it raised the price of a drug for treating a deadly parasitic infection by more than 5,000 percent says it will roll back some of the increase.
Smoking, drink, obesity may shorten European lives: WHO (Update) "Alarming" rates of smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity in Europe could mean the next generation live shorter lives, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned on Wednesday.
Lonsurf approved for advanced colon cancer (HealthDay)—The combination pill Lonsurf (trifluridine and tipiracil) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat advanced colon cancer for people who aren't responding to other treatments, the agency said Tuesday in a news release.
	Medical schools teaching students about costs of care (HealthDay)—Many medical schools are integrating discussions of cost, value, and effectiveness into their curricula, according to Kaiser Health News.
Can vitamin B supercharge your dreams? A University of Adelaide researcher is calling for participants to assist in a new national study investigating whether vitamin B can enhance dreaming.
	Unique reaction underpins why breastfeeding is best Dangerous bacteria in babies can be held at bay by a unique chemical reaction that occurs between breastmilk and baby saliva, a University of Queensland breakthrough study has shown.
Researchers discover method to measure stiffness of arteries in the brain UCLA researchers have discovered a non-invasive method to measure vascular compliance, or how stiff an artery is, in the human brain, a finding that may have ramifications for preventing stroke and the early diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease.
	Chocolate and caffeine may boost cognitive, motor skills A chocolate bar might help you negotiate your next business deal, say Clarkson University researchers who are teaming up for a series of studies on the effects of caffeine, cocoa and dark chocolate on cognitive function and fatigue.
	Researchers propose 'breastsleeping' as a new word and concept As far as titles in academic journals go, it's quite the attention-getter. "There is no such thing as infant sleep, there is no such thing as breastfeeding, there is only breastsleeping," reads the title of a new peer-reviewed commentary piece by University of Notre Dame anthropologists James McKenna and Lee Gettler that appears in the prestigious European journal Acta Paediatrica.
	Scientists establish model of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome Scientists from A*STAR's Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) have successfully established a comprehensive model of rare accelerated ageing syndrome Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), thereby opening up the possibility of curing HGPS, with far-reaching implications on ageing and human health. The ground-breaking study was published in eLife in September 2015.
	Building human breast tissue, cell by cell The next frontier in developing therapies for cancer and other diseases could come through studying organ development or tumor growth in living humans. Problem is, there's no ethical way of doing that using current technology.
	Biomedical students develop therapeutic toy for auditory disabilities Hearing loss is one of the most common birth defects, with more than 12,000 children in the United States affected each year. Three students in Wichita State University's biomedical engineering program recognized this issue and designed their senior project to create a therapeutic toy to provide early intervention therapy for children with auditory disabilities.
	Old vaccine trains immune system Not only the acquired immune system but also the innate immune system has a memory. And the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis can stimulate this memory. After a BCG vaccination the innate immune system responds better to a wide range of other infections. Mihai Netea and colleagues from Radboud university medical center discovered and described how that works. They think that the old vaccine could be useful for specific target groups, such as the elderly.
	Getting a 'hint' about social inequalities in cancer information seeking Have you ever searched for information about cancer? Chances are, if you have, it was a Google search that led to a website like WebMD, the Mayo Clinic, or a charity such as the American Cancer Society or Cancer Research UK. Research on cancer information seeking behaviour of the public tells us that most people first turn to the Internet, with more in-depth searching possibly extending to talks with friends, family, and health professionals. But who searches for cancer information? We already know that people in America who actively seek out information about cancer are most often well educated, have a high income, are under age 65, are white, and have a usual source of health care.
	Why do people feel 'a rose by any other name' wouldn't fit as well? Words are symbols that help humans communicate. The link between words and what they refer to is, with very few exceptions, arbitrary. Many of the words that we currently use ("table," "dog," "mug," etc) could easily have been otherwise – a wide variety of words would have done just as well to symbolize tables, dogs or mugs.
	Dangerous swelling in babies linked to mutated gene Scientists have discovered a new gene mutation that causes potentially fatal swelling in unborn and newborn babies. Identifying the gene is the first step toward a future diagnostic test and targeted treatment for this condition.
	Controlling anxiety Researchers at Andreas Lüthi's laboratory have identified a cell type in the brain, which controls anxiety - a complex behavioral state - and have elucidated the underlying mechanisms. These findings thus improve our understanding of the brain processes which are triggered in states of anxiety and which are dysfunctional in anxiety disorders.
	Molecular 'feedback loop' may explain tamoxifen resistance in patients with breast cancer For reasons unknown, many patients with breast cancer treated with the estrogen receptor-blocking drug tamoxifen eventually become resistant to the treatment despite the fact that their cancer cells still have the estrogen receptor proteins that the drug normally targets. Now, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center scientists and their colleagues have traced out an intricate molecular pathway in those cells they say may explain, at least in part, how tamoxifen resistance develops.
Early testing can predict the stroke patients who will develop upper limb spasticity Many stroke patients suffer from spasticity of the arm that cause pain and impaired sensorimotor function. But there are ways of identifying such patients ahead of time so that they can obtain the earliest possible treatment. Researchers at Sahlgrenska Academy have completed a study of stroke patients in the Gothenburg area.
Almost one-third of families of children with cancer have unmet basic needs during treatment Almost one-third of families whose children were being treated for cancer faced food, housing or energy insecurity and one-quarter lost more than 40 percent of household income, according to a new study from Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center. The study follows emerging research in pediatric oncology finding that low-income status predicts poor adherence to oral chemotherapy and decreased overall survival.
Study shows potential benefit of telehealth visits for postoperative care Most veterans undergoing general surgical operations of low complexity preferred telehealth (video or telephone) follow-up than visiting a clinic, and data suggested that telehealth visits may help identify veterans requiring in-person assessment or further care, according to a study published online by JAMA Surgery.
	Exergaming improves physical and mental fitness in children with autism spectrum disorders A study conducted by The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston says games used for exercising can improve physical and mental fitness in children with autism spectrum disorders.
	New cancer genes identified, opening door to targeted treatments In a discovery that could lead to more targeted and effective treatments for certain lung and prostate cancers, researchers at the University of Virginia School of Medicine have identified two new cancer-causing gene mutations - mutations that may be particularly susceptible to cancer-fighting drugs already approved by the federal Food and Drug Administration. One of the gene mutations also may play a key role in early menopause.
Researchers find potential source of insulin-producing cells in adult human pancreas Cells that express neurogenin 3 (NGN3) may one day be harnessed to create a plentiful supply of insulin-producing beta cells for the treatment of diabetes, a study led by researchers at the University of South Florida suggests.
	Ringing in the ears and chronic pain enter by the same gate Tinnitus and chronic pain have more in common than their ability to afflict millions with the very real experience of "phantom" sensations. Scientists noted similarities between the two disorders more than thirty years ago. Now advances in brain imaging and associated techniques have enabled researchers to begin homing in on their structural and functional bases, revealing what appears to be a central gatekeeping system implicated in both chronic pain and tinnitus. Collaborators at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Georgetown University Medical Center integrate the latest findings into a disease model of both disorders in the journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences.
Nestle teams up with Swiss pharma firm to develop Alzheimer's test Nestle Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) and Swiss biopharmaceutical company AC Immune announced on Wednesday a new partnership to develop an early Alzheimer's diagnostic test.
Adolescent brain may be especially sensitive to new memories, social stress, and drug use Adolescence, like infancy, has been said to include distinct sensitive periods during which brain plasticity is heightened; but in a review of the neuroscience literature published on September 23 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences, University College London (UCL) researchers saw little evidence for this claim. However, a small number of studies do support that memory formation, social stress, and drug use are processed differently in the adolescent brain compared to other periods of life.
Many patients prefer online postoperative care to in-person care The majority of patients who undergo routine, uncomplicated operations prefer online postoperative consultations to in-person visits, according to results from a new study published online as an "article in press" on the Journal of the American College of Surgeons website. The study will appear in the print publication of the Journal later this year.
Some forms of dizziness after getting up may signal bigger problems People who get dizzy several minutes after standing up may be at risk of more serious conditions and even an increased risk of death, according to new research published in the September 23, 2015, online issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. Feeling dizzy, faint or light-headed after standing due to a sudden drop in blood pressure can be a minor problem due to medication use or dehydration. But when it happens often, it can be a sign of a more serious condition called orthostatic hypotension, which is defined as a drop in blood pressure within three minutes of sitting or standing.
Standard treatment better than proposed alternative for unexplained infertility Treatment with clomiphene, a standard therapy for couples with unexplained infertility, results in more live births than treatment with a potential alternative, letrozole, according to a study of more than 900 couples conducted by a National Institutes of Health research network.
	Early miscarriage guidelines should be improved, researchers say Researchers are calling for improvements to the way early miscarriage is diagnosed following a new study published today in the BMJ.
Kids are clumsy runners because they are small To the untrained eye, kids just look like scaled-down adults. But take a closer look at the way that they move and a toddler's stiff-legged waddle is completely different from an adult's fluid run. Perceived wisdom held that small children were simply immature versions of their parents: 'Some scientists see a young child appearing to walk and run uneconomically and then attribute it to being under developed', explains Jim Usherwood from the Royal Veterinary College, UK. But when he took a closer look at the way children move, Usherwood questioned this dogma and suspected that he would need to take a completely new approach to try to understand the factors that account for kids' clumsy movements. Wondering whether the children's diminutive stature was responsible for their lack of grace, Usherwood developed a new theory about the way that children run and he publishes his discovery that children's short legs struggle to find enough! time to do the work to push them into the air while running in Journal of Experimental Biology.
	ERs often 'safety net' care for people with schizophrenia: CDC (HealthDay)—A new report finds that, too often, under-medicated Americans suffering from schizophrenia end up seeking care in the nation's hospital emergency rooms.
	ACOG: Encourage consideration of contraceptive implants/IUDs (HealthDay)—All women at risk of unwanted pregnancy should be counseled on all contraceptive options, including long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), according to a Committee Opinion published in the October issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology.
	Intralesional IL-2 promising for cutaneous melanoma metastases (HealthDay)—Patients with cutaneous melanoma metastases have excellent response to intralesional interleukin 2 (IL-2) administered concomitantly with topical imiquimod and a retinoid cream, according to a case series published in the October issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
	Shorter antibiotic prophylaxis doesn't raise infection rates (HealthDay)—Compliance with American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines for shorter antibiotic prophylaxis does not result in higher rates of infection among patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy, according to a study published in the October issue of The Journal of Urology.
	Calorie consumption: Do numbers or graphics encourage diners to eat less? To encourage consumers to lower their caloric intake, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration now requires most chain restaurants to state the number of calories that each menu item contains. But is a number the only effective way of helping diners make low-calorie choices? No, says a new study in the Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. According to the study, another popular way of indicating calorie information, an image of a green, yellow, or red traffic light, can be just as effective.
	Titanium and gold based compound fights kidney cancer cells Researchers developed a promising metal-based compound that destroys kidney cancer cells, while leaving normal cells unharmed. The findings may provide a new way of treating kidney cancer, opening the potential for more potent and less toxic therapies that would give cancer patients a better quality of life.
Team develops strategy to determine how non-coding variants contribute to disease risk A paper receiving advance online release in Nature Medicine describes a strategy for meeting one of today's most significant challenges in genomic medicine - determining whether a specific DNA variant in the non-protein-coding genome is the actual disease-causing variant of an associated disease risk. The report from a multi-institutional team study led by investigators at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), and the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California describes a procedure called CAUSEL (Characterization of Alleles Using Editing of Loci) that uses epigenome- and genome-editing tools to determine functional causality of disease-associated variants in the non-coding genome and to study the mechanisms by which those variants contribute to disease.
New study questions clinical trial data for kidney cancer drugs When prescribing newly approved drugs, physicians rely on data from clinical trials to understand the benefits and risks of those drugs for patients. But a study published in the Journal of Oncology Practice showed that for certain cancer drugs, participants in clinical trials are often not representative of the patients that ultimately take the drugs, raising questions about the direct applicability of trial data.
	Does America have the cure for high drug costs? Soaring prices for everything from cancer treatments to hepatitis C pills that cost more than $100,000 have sparked outcry in the United States in recent years, but calls for change have gone largely unheeded.
Clinton takes on Big Pharma, lays out drug plan (Update) Democratic presidential frontrunner Hillary Clinton unveiled a plan Tuesday to limit prescription medicine costs, challenging the US pharmaceutical industry after the price for one drug skyrocketed by 5,000 percent.
	'ShoutYourAbortion' campaign explodes on social media A social media campaign launched by three US activists to denounce the stigma surrounding abortion has gone viral as women have shared their experiences, though pro-life campaigners have hit back.
Philadelphia hospitals prep for overseas visitors, diseases As people from around the world head to Philadelphia for the World Meeting of Families and the papal visit, doctors are preparing to treat illnesses that they may not recognize or that normally would be treated at other facilities.
Kids' pain researcher launches social media campaign to connect with parents In an effort to get up-to-date research findings about children's pain directly into the hands of parents, Dr. Christine Chambers and her team at the Halifax-based Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, have partnered with YummyMummyClub.ca (YMC) on a year-long social media campaign called It Doesn't Have to Hurt. The work is funded by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
Integrated variants from 13,000 complete genomes available to public in Kaviar database The Institute for Systems Biology (ISB) and the Inova Translational Medicine Institute (ITMI) announced today a new release of Kaviar, the most comprehensive collection of human genomic variants currently available to the public. This release expands on the January 2015 release most notably by the addition of 3842 whole genome sequences provided by ITMI. Inova, a not-for-profit healthcare system based in Northern Virginia, founded ITMI to transform healthcare from a reactive to a predictive model.
UN Ebola response now planned to continue into 2016 The United Nations is now planning for its Ebola response to last into mid-2016, suggesting the battle against the virus that has killed more than 11,000 people won't be over by year-end, according to a report Wednesday.
Spain Supreme Court rejects compensation for thalidomide victims Spain's Supreme Court on Wednesday upheld a lower court ruling that the German maker of pregnancy drug thalidomide does not have to compensate Spaniards who suffered birth defects from it.
In terminally ill patients, some types of delirium are a sign of 'imminent death' In cancer patients nearing the end of life, certain subtypes of delirium—specifically, hypoactive and "mixed" delirium—are a strong indicator that death will come soon, reports a study in Psychosomatic Medicine: Journal of Biobehavioral Medicine, the official journal of the American Psychosomatic Society.
Surgeon helps pioneer new approach to breast cancer treatment A surgeon with the Breast Health Center at Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, a Care New England hospital, is among the first in New England to adopt an innovative new device that improves the treatment of breast cancer by more precisely targeting radiation treatment and providing for better follow-up exams.

Other Sciences news

	Giant killer lizard fossil shines new light on early Australians As if life wasn't hard enough during the last Ice Age, research led by the University of Queensland has found Australia's first human inhabitants had to contend with giant killer lizards.
	Enamel evolved in the skin and colonized the teeth much later When did the enamel that covers our teeth evolve? And where in the body did this tissue first appear? In the latest issue of the journal Nature, researchers from Uppsala University in Sweden and the Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology (IVPP) in Beijing, China, combine data from two very different research fields - palaeontology and genomics - to arrive at a clear but unexpected answer to this question: enamel originated in the skin and colonized the teeth much later.
	Research documents Cherokees who face backlash despite efforts to revitalize language Cherokee has been one of the most successful language revitalization efforts in the U.S. of the last several decades, yet a generation exists that was not taught the language when they were young, and they can face questions about their character and dedication when they try to learn as adults. This generation often has children who have been taught Cherokee through an immersion program started in 2001 and have helped contribute to its revitalization through technology, among other things.
	'Flipped' science class helps women, those with lower GPA, study shows Physical chemistry students given most course content outside of the classroom scored 12% higher on exams than counterparts in more traditional classes where students listened to lectures, a new study by researchers at the Yale Center for Teaching and Learning and the University of Massachusetts-Amherst (U-Mass) shows.
Research reveals keys to sustaining long-term motivation How can we stay motivated while working toward long-term goals?
	Britain's psychological inertia contributes to 'financial hardship' Psychologists from the University of Sheffield will explore the truth behind behaviour costing the UK £7.6 billion, at the new Institute of Inertia launched today (Wednesday 23 September 2015).
	Digital textbook analytics can predict student outcomes, study finds College professors and instructors can learn a lot from the chapters of a digital textbook that they assign students to read. Reynol Junco, an associate professor in Iowa State University's School of Education, says digital books provide real-time analytics to help faculty assess how students are doing in the class.
	Scots beat Inuit in words for snow It is often said that the Inuit have 50 different words for snow but researchers at the University of Glasgow have discovered that the Scots have even more.
	New study highlights valuable tool for studying living and extinct animals University of Cincinnati scientists are reporting a significant finding that could open up entirely new explorations in the fields of ecology and paleoecology.
	Study: Most states treat DUI ignition interlock laws as regulatory policies, not public safety tools The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates intoxicated drivers involved in fatal crashes are six times more likely to have a prior DUI conviction than drivers with no alcohol in their system.
	9,000 year-old ritualized decapitation found in Brazil A 9,000 year-old case of human decapitation has been found in the rock shelter of Lapa do Santo in Brazil, according to a study published September 23, 2015 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by André Strauss from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany and colleagues.
	Message to Starbucks: Consumer idea generation is not one-size-fits-all Listen up, Dell and Starbucks and all the other companies that turn to consumers for new ideas about products and services. There's a better way to pry good ideas out of your customers than through the same old standard online platforms—you know, the ones that provide all users with access to other users' ideas and that group ideas into categories such as "Products" and "Experience." As a new study in the Journal of Marketing suggests, that one-size-fits-all approach may be counterproductive. According to the study, online idea-generation platforms should instead tailor themselves to the industry-specific knowledge of the customer.
	Marketing partnerships: Stock prices don't always run with the bulls When two companies form a marketing alliance, investors always herald that as good news and send the companies' stock prices sky high, right? Well, maybe not. As a new study in the Journal of Marketing shows, marketing alliances can reduce equity risk, but only as long as the alliance is a new one and if the two companies' existing network of partners is not too interconnected.
	Understanding self-control: Eating and spending are different public policy issues You can resist buying a candy bar while you're waiting in the checkout line at the grocery store—but you'll buy any pair of shoes that are on sale. Your best friend, in contrast, wouldn't dream of buying a pair of shoes he thinks he doesn't need, no matter how low the price—but he can't resist buying that same candy bar you so easily ignore. According to a new study in the Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, it is precisely those differences in self-control that researchers need to pay attention to when assessing the impact of public policies. As the study reports, if you want to understand the effectiveness of a regulation or tax on a specific behavior, use a measure of self-control specific to that behavior.
	Marketing: How does business debt affect firm value and consumer satisfaction? Feeling less satisfied with the businesses you patronize? It might be because those businesses are in a lot of debt. According to a new study in the Journal of Marketing, a company that has a lot of financial leverage—that is, a company that has a lot of debt in relation to its value—spends a lot less on advertising, which in turn decreases customer satisfaction.
	'Demarketing': What makes consumers more or less materialistic? If you read a report whose message was that people consume too much, would you then be likely to curb your own consumption? In some cases yes, says a new study in the Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. According to the study, people who place a high value on materialism are likely to reduce their consumption after reading such a report.
	Taking action for social change What it means to be poor or vulnerable in today's society is not as obvious as it was a decade ago. The vocabulary of poverty in low income countries, traditionally expressed in 'one dollar a day' terms, no longer conveys an insightful picture of what causes people to struggle in Singapore's bustling metropolis. These changes are forcing researchers to completely re-think their approach to understanding Singapore's social needs.
Gender quotas in academia—challenges and opportunities Authors of a new report have examined the use of gender quotas to increase the number of women at the highest career levels in academia. 'Exploring quotas in academia', a report of a study conducted by EMBO in collaboration with the Robert Bosch Stiftung, looks at the potential benefits and challenges that could arise from the use of quotas as one way to achieve better gender balance in academia. The report describes options for introducing quotas and provides information for decision makers who might consider implementing them.
	What motivates 'Facebook stalking' after a romantic breakup? Social networking makes it easy to monitor the status and activities of a former romantic partner, an often unhealthy use of social media known as interpersonal electronic surveillance (IES) or, more commonly, "Facebook stalking." Psychological and relationship factors and how individuals cope with the termination of a romantic relationship can help predict their use of online surveillance, according to a study published in Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available free on the Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking website until October 23, 2015.
	How to find out about the human mind through stone According to Eder Domínguez-Ballesteros, co-author of the article 'Flint knapping and determination of human handedness. Methodological proposal with quantifiable results,' laterality is related to the way our brain is organized, and it assigns different roles to each of our limbs when a specific task is carried out. Studying laterality, its origin and development helps to understand the organization and asymmetries better, and to find out how these asymmetries have evolved throughout history.
	Everything you wanted to know about UN's new global goals World leaders are launching an ambitious drive to transform the planet by 2030 with the adoption on Friday of new UN goals to wipe out extreme poverty, promote health and education and combat climate change.

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