Fwd: Science X Newsletter Wednesday, Apr 8

RESPEKT!

In children with autism, sensorimotor regions of the brain become overconnected

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Newsletter Phys.org <not-for-reply@physorg.com>
Date: Thu, Apr 9, 2015 at 3:31 AM
Subject: Science X Newsletter Wednesday, Apr 8
To: Pascal Alter <pascal.alter@gmail.com>

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Dear Pascal Alter,

Here is your customized Phys.org Newsletter for April 8, 2015:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

- Engineers devise method for producing high-res, 3D images of nanoscale objects
- Researchers develop Ebola vaccine effective in a single dose
- Complex organic molecules discovered in infant star system
- First look at 'wasabi receptor' brings insights for pain drug development
- A new view of the Moon's formation: Crucial difference in 'fingerprints' confirms explosive, interconnected past
- Unraveling the origin of the pseudogap in a charge density wave compound
- Improved understanding of protein complex offers insight into DNA replication initiation mechanism basics
- 3-D model of giant salamanders' bite: Chinese giant salamander strikes prey in front, approaching from the side
- Don't farm on me: Northern Europeans to Neolithic interlopers
- Game played in sync increases children's perceived similarity, closeness
- Amazon gives new power to personal assistant, 'Alexa'
- Butterflies deceive ants using chemical strategies
- Recipe for saving coral reefs: Add more fish
- Distance running may be an evolutionary 'signal' for desirable male genes
- Biologists identify brain tumor weakness

Nanotechnology news

	Engineers devise method for producing high-res, 3D images of nanoscale objects To design the next generation of optical devices, ranging from efficient solar panels to LEDs to optical transistors, engineers will need a 3-dimensional image depicting how light interacts with these objects on the nanoscale.
	Removing risk to unleash the full potential of nanomaterials The EU NANOREG project is developing the next generation of reliable and comparable experimental data on the environmental, health and safety aspects of nanomaterials. NANOREG, which began in March 2013, has already successfully established the basic conditions for its R&D work and will now move on to deliver on its key objectives.
	Scientists program the lifetime of self-assembled nanostructures Materials that self-assemble and self-destruct once their work is done are highly advantageous for a number of applications – as components in temporary data storage systems or for medical devices. For example, such materials could seal blood vessels during surgery and re-open them subsequently. Dr. Andreas Walther, research group leader at DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials in Aachen, developed an aqueous system that uses a single starting point to induce self-assembly formation, whose stability is pre-programmed with a lifetime before disassembly occurs without any additional external signal – hence presenting an artificial self-regulation mechanism in closed conditions. Their results are published as this week's cover article in Nano Letters.

Physics news

	Unraveling the origin of the pseudogap in a charge density wave compound The pseudogap, a state characterized by a partial gap and loss of coherence in the electronic excitations, has been associated with many unusual physical phenomena in a variety of materials ranging from cold atoms to colossal magnetoresistant manganese oxides to high temperature copper oxide superconductors. Its nature, however, remains controversial due to the complexity of these materials and the difficulties in studying them.
	A potential Rosetta stone of high temperature superconductivity High purity single crystals of superconducting material (CeCoIn5) with the highest observed superconducting temperature for a cerium-based material enabled investigation of the relationship among magnetism, superconductivity, and disorder by strategic substitution of certain atoms with others (dopants) in the superconductor.
	SESAME passes an important milestone at CERN The SESAME project has reached an important milestone: the first complete cell of this accelerator for the Middle East has been assembled and successfully tested at CERN.
	Glass fiber that brings light to standstill Light is an extremely useful tool for quantum communication, but it has one major disadvantage: it usually travels at the speed of light and cannot be kept in place. A team of scientists at the Vienna University of Technology has now demonstrated that this problem can be solved - not only in strange, unusual quantum systems, but in the glass fiber networks we are already using today.

Earth news

	Scientists take aim at Four Corners methane mystery Researchers from several institutions are in the Four Corners region of the U.S. Southwest with a suite of airborne and ground-based instruments, aiming to uncover reasons for a mysterious methane "hot spot" detected from space.
	Researcher proposes theory on how metabolism, carbon affect ecosystem Through their metabolic cycle, humans and other organisms break down molecules that include carbon to temporarily obtain energy from the environment. New research from the University of Georgia takes this a step further, demonstrating that these organisms predictably affect the properties of the ecosystems around them.
	Scientists predict gradual, prolonged permafrost greenhouse gas emissions A new scientific synthesis suggests a gradual, prolonged release of greenhouse gases from permafrost soils in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, which may afford society more time to adapt to environmental changes, say scientists in an April 9 paper published in Nature.
	Recipe for saving coral reefs: Add more fish Fish are the key ingredients in a new recipe to diagnose and restore degraded coral reef ecosystems, according to scientists from the Australian Institute of Marine Science, WCS, James Cook University, and other organizations in a new study in the journal Nature.
	NASA joins forces to put satellite eyes on threat to US freshwater NASA has joined forces with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S. Geological Survey to transform satellite data designed to probe ocean biology into information that will help protect the American public from harmful freshwater algal blooms.
	Nitrogen deposition reduces swiss plant diversity High human atmospheric nitrogen emissions lead to a reduction of plant diversity. Researchers at the University of Basel analyzed plots all over Switzerland and report that the plant diversity has decreased in landscapes with high nitrogen deposition. The journal Royal Society Open Science has published their results.
	Fracking fluid chemicals uncovered, helping test for contamination The organic chemicals in fracking fluid have been uncovered in two new studies, providing a basis for water contamination testing and future regulation. The research, published in Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry and Science of the Total Environment, reveals that fracking fluid contains compounds like biocides, which are potentially harmful if they leak into the groundwater.
	Scientist uses special fertilizer to keep palms, soil and water healthy A University of Florida scientist has developed a fertilizer for palm trees that should keep them healthy and reduce water pollution.
	Water clarity levels improve in Lake Tahoe Clarity levels at Lake Tahoe in 2014 showed the biggest improvements in more than a decade, according to researchers at the University of California, Davis, who have studied the lake for the last half century.
	NASA-NOAA satellite sees the end of Tropical Cyclone Ikola Strong vertical wind shear has taken a toll on Tropical Cyclone Ikola and that was pretty clear in a visible-light image from NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite today, April 8.
	NASA analyzes rainfall in Tropical Cyclone Joalane NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's GPM satellite provided scientists with a look "under the hood" of Tropical Cyclone Joalane's clouds at the rate in which rain was falling throughout the storm.

Astronomy & Space news

	Complex organic molecules discovered in infant star system For the first time, astronomers have detected the presence of complex organic molecules, the building blocks of life, in a protoplanetary disk surrounding a young star, suggesting once again that the conditions that spawned our Earth and Sun are not unique in the universe.
	A new view of the Moon's formation: Crucial difference in 'fingerprints' confirms explosive, interconnected past Within the first 150 million years after our solar system formed, a giant body roughly the size of Mars struck and merged with Earth, blasting a huge cloud of rock and debris into space. This cloud would eventually coalesce and form the moon.
	The solar system and beyond is awash in water As NASA missions explore our solar system and search for new worlds, they are finding water in surprising places. Water is but one piece of our search for habitable planets and life beyond Earth, yet it links many seemingly unrelated worlds in surprising ways.
	European team creates universal 'language' for space science A consortium of European space scientists has succeeded in establishing a common data hub that allows the comparison of data from numerous space missions. A task that until now was hampered by different data processing protocols of individual space missions. Furthermore, observational data can now easily be compared with theoretical numerical models – regardless of the protocols used. The newly developed framework IMPEx allows scientists to better understand complex observational data, to fill gaps in observations with computer simulated data and to compare observations and simulations. First applications of the IMPEx tools allowed detailed comparisons of observational data from Venus Express (ESA) and Messenger (NASA) orbiting Mercury with existing simulation models. The comparison of observational data from the famous Rosetta mission with the respective simulation data will follow in the near future.
	Enrico Fermi and extraterrestrial intelligence It's become a kind of legend, like Newton and the apple or George Washington and the cherry tree. One day in 1950, the great physicist Enrico Fermi sat down to lunch with colleagues at the Fuller Lodge at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico and came up with a powerful argument about the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence, the so-called "Fermi paradox". But like many legends, it's only partly true. Robert Gray explained the real history in a recent paper in the journal Astrobiology.
	Video: Sentinel-2A satellite and its mission Discover more about our planet with the Earth from Space video programme.
	NASA selects proposals for ultra-lightweight materials for journey to Mars and beyond NASA has selected three proposals to develop and manufacture ultra-lightweight (ULW) materials for future aerospace vehicles and structures. The proposals will mature advanced technologies that will enable NASA to reduce the mass of spacecraft by 40 percent for deep space exploration.
	When you land, can you stand? One-Year Mission video miniseries: Functional performance Historically, in competitions you always want to be the last man standing. At NASA, optimal functional performance, such as standing, is taken even more seriously. When astronauts return to Earth from working on the International Space Station in a weightless environment for an extended period, it takes time for their bodies to readjust to an environment with gravity. Even standing upright can be a challenge, but it is crucial for their job performance as NASA looks at longer missions in the future and landing humans on Mars.

Technology news

	BitGlass experiment highlights the speed at which stolen credit card information is disseminated California based BitGlass, a security broker and data protection company, has conducted an experiment to learn more about what happens to consumer data when it is stolen—in this case, credit card information. They have published the details of their experiments and results on their web site.
	Computer users face hard choice—pay ransom or lose files It's a chilling moment: A message appears on a computer screen, saying the files are encrypted and the only way to access them is by paying a ransom.
	Amazon gives new power to personal assistant, 'Alexa' Amazon's personal assistant speaker is taking over more functions for home automation networks.
	Tech giants defend tax policies at Australian hearing Global technology giants Apple, Google and Microsoft on Wednesday defended their corporate tax structures at an Australian parliamentary hearing, rebuffing claims they were shifting their profits offshore to avoid paying taxes in the nation.
	Communication devices enable children with disabilities An interdisciplinary group of Northeastern University students and faculty have combined their knowledge of engineering and physical therapy to design, develop, and then deliver two low-cost communication devices to disabled children living at a pair of orphanages in Ecuador.
	Research seeks to make robotic 'human patient simulators' A young doctor leans over a patient who has been in a serious car accident and invariably must be experiencing pain. The doctor's trauma team examines the patient's pelvis and rolls her onto her side to check her spine. They scan the patient's abdomen with a rapid ultrasound machine, finding fluid. They insert a tube in her nose. Throughout the procedure, the patient's face remains rigid, showing no signs of pain.
	Internet of things devices meant to simplify our lives may end up ruling them instead Technology's promise of wonderful things in the future stretches from science fiction to science fact: self-driving cars, virtual reality, smart devices such as Google Glass, and the internet of things are designed to make our lives easier and more productive. Certainly inventions of the past century such as the washing machine and combustion engine have brought leisure time to the masses. But will this trend necessarily continue?
	Amazon Dash is a first step towards an internet of things that is actually useful The internet of things has attracted a lot of attention and generated considerable column inches; and yet, despite all the attention, has remained pretty much absent – an internet of vaporware.
	Startup Oyster signs big publishers for e-bookstore Subscription e-book service Oyster announced Wednesday it has signed all five major publishers for its new US online bookstore, a move which could ramp up competition against Amazon.
	A Q&A about the malicious software known as ransomware Ransomware is a growing threat to computer users, who can suddenly find they're unable to open or use their files when their machines are infected. The malicious software can attack any user—an individual, small business, Fortune 500 company or a government agency.
	AT&T paying $25M to settle US action over data breaches (Update) AT&T is paying $25 million in a settlement with federal regulators over data breaches at call centers in Mexico, Colombia and the Philippines that compromised customer data for some 280,000 U.S. customer accounts.
	Germany slaps Google with data collection limits German officials on Wednesday ordered Google to limit the collection of personal data, in the US Internet giant's latest run-in with authorities in the European Union.
	US approves drone flights for insurer AIG Insurance giant American International Group Wednesday announced that it had won US government approval to use drones to survey disaster areas, including territory that may be otherwise inaccessible.
	David v Goliath: Austrian activist to take on Facebook in court An Austrian law graduate spearheading a class action suit against Facebook for alleged privacy breaches said ahead of the first hearing Thursday he hopes the case will eventually lead to an overhaul of a "Wild West" approach to data protection.
	California's solar incentive program has had only modest impact on adoption rates Since 2007, California has had one of the most aggressive incentive programs in the country for putting solar-electric panels on the rooftops of homes and businesses. Its $2.2 billion California Solar Initiative (CSI)has provided a per-watt rebate for installing residential and commercial photovoltaic systems. During this period, the solar industry in the state has experienced double-digit growth and to date has installed more than 245,000 systems capable of producing 2,365 megawatts of electricity.
	New coalition forms to end mass US surveillance Activist groups on Wednesday unveiled a new coalition aimed at repealing the law authorizing mass surveillance by US intelligence and law enforcement agencies.
	LA mayor envisions greener, more walkable city in the future Los Angeles, known for its cars, smog and sprawl, wants to reinvent itself as the home of electric vehicles, solar panels and bicycle paths.
	New gay family emoji appear on Apple's iOS Users of the Apple iPhone and iPad got a new palate of emoji on Wednesday, including a group of alternative or gay family illustrations.
	Gaming group Zynga brings founder back as CEO Zynga, the struggling social gaming group, announced Wednesday that co-founder Mark Pincus would return as top executive, less than two years after being replaced.
	Improving energy, performance efficiency for high performance computing Shuaiwen Leon Song, a research scientist with PNNL's High Performance Computing group, and Chao Li, a Ph.D. student with North Carolina State University's Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering who spent time as a research intern at PNNL in 2014, are co-authors of, "Locality-Driven Dynamic GPU Cache Bypassing," which recently was accepted by the 29th International Conference on Supercomputing (ICS). The paper, which presents novel cache optimizations for massively parallel, throughput-oriented architectures, such as GPUs, will be presented during the ICS 2015 Conference Program.
	Design boost for lifeboats The approach to the design of all-weather lifeboats is set for a re-evaluation as part of a major study being led by Newcastle University and the RNLI, with support from Lloyds' Register.
	Getting the perfect fit for artificial hips When a patient receives a new hip, it is usually adjusted only approximately to leg length. Greater accuracy requires a more precise measuring process as well as adjustable implants. Now, a new type of measurement method coupled with a modular implant should allow orthopedic surgeons to precisely calibrate leg length after the operation so it matches its original length. The researchers will be introducing their development at the Medtec expo in Stuttgart, April 21-23.
	Demonstration of enhanced performance and long-term reliability of tunnel transistors operating under ultra-low voltage Researchers at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology have demonstrated the enhanced performance and high reliability of tunnel transistors (tunnel FETs), which are considered promising technology for future energy-efficient devices.
	Robotics researcher discusses robot evolution Concha Monje is a researcher in the Robotics Lab of the Department of Systems Engineering and Automation at the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M). There, she is one of the people in charge of TEO, a 60-kilo humanoid robot that is able to walk and manipulate a variety of objects. The author of nearly one hundred scientific articles, she has now taken her knowledge to the world of movies, working as a science consultant for the film Autómata, starring and produced by Antonio Banderas and directed by Gabe Ibáñez. This science fiction movie explores a future in which humanoid robots develop an awareness of their own.
	Russian man's lawyers: Hacking charges should be dismissed Lawyers for a Russian man accused of hacking into U.S. restaurants and stealing credit card numbers have asked a federal judge to dismiss the indictment against him, arguing that the U.S. Secret Service overstepped its authority when agents took him into custody in the Maldives.
	White House will not name those behind 2014 cyber attack The White House said Wednesday it would not name those behind a cyber attack on official Washington targets last October, after reports blamed Russia.

Chemistry news

	First look at 'wasabi receptor' brings insights for pain drug development In a feat that would have been unachievable only a few years ago, researchers at UC San Francisco have pulled aside the curtain on a protein informally known as the "wasabi receptor," revealing at near-atomic resolution structures that could be targeted with anti-inflammatory pain drugs.
	Obesity-related receptors have a unique structure A collaboration led by Shigeyuki Yokoyama of RIKEN and Takashi Kadowaki and Toshimasa Yamauchi of the University of Tokyo has used the SPring-8 synchrotron facility in Harima, Japan to elucidate the structure of two receptors of adiponectin, a protein that is associated with obesity and diabetes. The researchers hope that in the future this work, which was published in Nature today, will pave the way toward designing drugs that target these two receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, to reduce the early mortality associated with diabetes.
	Self-assembling, bioinstructive collagen materials for research, medical applications A Purdue University researcher and entrepreneur is commercializing her laboratory's innovative collagen formulations that self-assemble or polymerize to form fibrils that resemble those found in the body's tissues.
	New technology could speed up life-saving drug discoveries A team of researchers from our University has developed a revolutionary new biochip device that will lead to a faster and more cost effective way of discovering new life-saving drugs.
	Novel photolithographic technology that enables control over functional shapes of microstructures Researchers in South Korea have developed a novel photolithographic technology enabling control over the functional shapes of micropatterns using oxygen diffusion.
	Reducing energy usage with nano-coatings Thermochromic nano-coatings employed appropriately can help reduce energy usage and generate savings. The coatings either absorb heat or permit its reflection, depending on their temperature. Researchers will demonstrate this phenomenon using samples of coated metal strips at the Fraunhofer Joint Booth in Hall 3, Booth D26 during the Hanover Trade Show (April 13-17, 2015).
	How unwanted CDs and DVDs could help cut carbon emissions Now that most consumers download and stream their movies and music, more and more CDs and DVDs will end up in landfills or be recycled. But soon these discarded discs could take on a different role: curbing the release of greenhouse gases. In the journal ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, scientists report a way to turn the discs into a material that can capture carbon dioxide, a key greenhouse gas, and other compounds.
	A new piece in the 'French paradox' puzzle—cheese metabolism Figuring out why the French have low cardiovascular disease rates despite a diet high in saturated fats has spurred research and many theories to account for this phenomenon known as the "French paradox." Most explanations focus on wine and lifestyle, but a key role could belong to another French staple: cheese. The evidence, say scientists in ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, is in cheese metabolism.
	Scientists reduce viscosity of heavy oil by 90 percent A multidisciplinary scientific team improved such physical properties of heavy and extra heavy oil as viscosity, surface tension and density by applying chemicals. The purpose is to facilitate its management and profitability during the stages of extraction, transportation and processing, says the head of research, Miguel Ángel Vázquez Guevara, at the Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, of the Department of Chemistry, at the University of Guanajuato, in center Mexico.
	Clay can be used for carbon capture Carbon capture will play a central role in helping the nations of the world manage and reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Many materials are being tested for the purpose of capturing CO2. New results show that ordinary clay can work just as effectively as more advanced materials.

Biology news

	Study suggests fake eyes on butterfly wings mimic eyes of predators (Phys.org)—A small group of researchers affiliated with the University of Jyvaskyla in Finland has conducted a study looking into the reason why some butterflies have eye-looking images on their wings. In their paper published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, the team describes how they tested one type of butterfly-eating bird with a variety of butterfly and predator images and what they found in doing so.
	Researchers report on CRISPR-cas surveillance complex that targets RNA A great deal of public attention in the past couple of years has been showered on complexes of bacterial proteins known as "CRISPR-Cas" for their potential use as a tool for editing DNA. Now, researchers with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) are reporting that CRISPR-Cas complexes could also serve as an engineering tool for RNA, the molecule that translates DNA's genetic instructions into the production of proteins.
	Being more colorful found to be disadvantage for female plover (Phys.org)—A team of researchers working in Australia has found that bright coloring on female birds appears to be a reproductive disadvantage. In their paper published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, the team describes how they tested predation of red-capped plover eggs and discovered that enhanced coloring by the parent tending the nest, made the eggs a more likely target, at least during the day.
	Improved understanding of protein complex offers insight into DNA replication initiation mechanism basics A clearer understanding of the origin recognition complex (ORC) - a protein complex that directs DNA replication - through its crystal structure offers new insight into fundamental mechanisms of DNA replication initiation. This will also provide insight into how ORC may be compromised in a subset of patients with Meier-Gorlin syndrome, a form of dwarfism in humans.
	3-D model of giant salamanders' bite: Chinese giant salamander strikes prey in front, approaching from the side A 3D model of the world's largest living amphibian's bite, the Chinese giant salamander, reveals that it feeds on prey located in front of it, but can also perform quick strikes to the side on approaching animals, according to a study published April 8, 2015 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Josep Fortuny from Institut Català de Paleontologia, Spain and colleagues.
	Butterflies deceive ants using chemical strategies Oakblue butterflies may use a variety of chemical strategies to deceive ants and avoid their attack, according to a study published April 8, 2015 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Yoko Inui from Osaka Kyoiku University, Japan and colleagues.
	Distance running may be an evolutionary 'signal' for desirable male genes Pre-birth exposure to high levels of the male sex hormone testosterone has already been shown to confer evolutionary advantages for men: strength of sex drive, sperm count, cardiovascular efficiency and spatial awareness, for example.
	Model species for ecotoxicological tests are not identical Scientists at the Senckenberg Research Center for Biodiversity and Climate, in conjunction with the medium-sized company ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, have found proof that different species of earthworms are being used for ecotoxicological tests. Ecotoxicology employs standardized test procedures that work with model organisms to assess the potentially harmful impact of anthropogenic substances on ecosystems. In order to guarantee the compatibility of these tests on a global scale, the laboratories use model species specified by international guidelines, including a species of earthworm. However, the study recently published in the scientific journal Applied Soil Ecology shows that this earthworm species actually comprises several different species.
	Climate change affects whales Researchers at the University of St Andrews believe that fin and humpbacked whales have changed the timing of their seasonal migration in response to global warming.
	Mekong River dolphin death reduces Lao population to five The discovery of a deceased female Irrawaddy river dolphin on Cheutal Touch Island, Cambodia – close to the border with Laos – is yet another reminder of the plight of this critically endangered cetacean in the Mekong River, WWF said on Tuesday. With just five animals remaining in Laos, WWF urged Laos and Cambodia to work together on common solutions to save one of the world's most iconic species and a major source of tourist revenue.
	Researchers discover landmark hatching of tuatara eggs in the South Island University of Otago researchers have found evidence of tuatara eggs hatching in a nest at Orokonui Ecosanctuary, the first indication of this happening anywhere in the wild in the South Island for several hundred years.
	Research shows white sharks use sun to hunt prey White Sharks – the world's largest predatory fish – have the impressive ability to follow the direction of the sun to hunt their prey, new research from Flinders University reveals.
	Preventing Australia's biodiversity from collapsing Preventing Australia's biodiversity from collapsing needs long-term science-based programs that are more complex than just culling cats and foxes, says leading environmental scientist Professor David Lindenmayer.
	Rangers and visitors build links on park visits Interactions between visitors to Karijini National Park in the Pilbara and park rangers makes for happier visitors, according to recent research.
	Spatial mapping reveals importance of Hauraki Gulf waters The most extensive spatial mapping of the Hauraki Gulf waters has identified a new area of importance for nationally endangered bottlenose dolphins, as well as demonstrating how these waters are used by two other protected species – common dolphins and Bryde's whales.
	Preventing the spread of aquatic invasive species Hot water could be the answer to stopping aquatic invasive species from "hitchhiking" around Britain on anglers' and canoeists' kit, according to a new study.
	Researchers develop harmless artificial virus for gene therapy Researchers of the Nanobiology Unit from the UAB Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, led by Antonio Villaverde, managed to create artificial viruses, protein complexes with the ability of self-assembling and forming nanoparticles which are capable of surrounding DNA fragments, penetrating the cells and reaching the nucleus in a very efficient manner, where they then release the therapeutic DNA fragments. The achievement represents an alternative with no biological risk to the use of viruses in gene therapy.
	EU to simplify GMO import approval: sources The EU plans to simplify the import approval process for controversial genetically modified foods and animal feed, allowing member states to decide whether to admit them or not, sources said Wednesday.
	Alternating antibiotics render resistant bacteria beatable Given the alarming rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the long lead-in time for developing novel drugs, the discovery of new ways to use the antibiotics already available and approved for use in humans is paramount. It is generally believed that to eliminate a bacterial infection before the onset of drug resistance one must treat with large doses of antibiotics, but recent research has indicated that this type of treatment might actually be driving the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens.
	Bacteria inhibit bat-killing fungus, could combat white-nose syndrome Bacteria found naturally on some bats may prove useful in controlling the deadly fungal disease known as white-nose syndrome, which has devastated bat populations throughout eastern North America and continues to spread across the continent. Scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, isolated bacteria that strongly inhibited the growth of the white-nose syndrome fungus in laboratory tests.
	Poor nutrition for honey bee larvae compromises pollination capabilities as adults A new study by Heather Mattila, a leading honey bee ecologist and Assistant Professor of Biological Sciences at Wellesley College, published on April 8 in PLOS ONE, reveals that inadequate access to pollen during larval development has lifelong consequences for honey bees, leading not only to smaller workers and shorter lifespans, but also to impaired performance and productivity later in life. For the first time, this study demonstrates a crucial link between poor nutrition at a young age, and foraging and waggle dancing, the two most important activities that honey bees perform as providers for their colonies and as pollinators of human crops. The study was co-authored by Hailey Scofield, Wellesley Class of 2013, a former undergraduate research assistant who will begin a Ph. D program (in Neurobiology and Behavior) at Cornell University in Fall 2015.
	Feds to consider endangered species listing for spotted owl Federal biologists will consider increasing Endangered Species Act protections for the northern spotted owl, reflecting the bird's continued slide toward extinction despite steep logging cutbacks in the Northwest forests where it lives.
	Sorghum silage a suitable alternative to corn silage, with proper management Sorghum silage can provide an alternative to corn silage, but not all sorghum silages are equal, according to two Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service specialists.
	Shark researchers enlist the help of the public as citizen scientists Shark researchers from the Neuroecology Group at The University of Western Australia are asking for the public's help to identify and record shark sightings from around the world, using their new Citizen Science project, SharkBase (www.shark-base.org).
	Variability helps mammals to become invasive From the time humans began discovering and conquering new continents, they also started transporting animals and plants around the world and releasing them in locations where they never occurred before. Most of these alien species died out quickly, but many established populations and some even multiplied and became invasive, causing tremendous economic and environmental harm. In a recently published article in the journal The American Naturalist, scientists from Spain, Switzerland and Germany argue that successful invaders are particularly variable and can therefore adapt to many different environmental conditions.
	Cell division research expected to lead to containment of cancer cells and regenerative medical treatments Researchers in Singapore, for the first time in the world, replicate the contractile ring's structure by isolating a refined protein and placing it within a cell-imitation capsule.

Medicine & Health news

	Researchers develop Ebola vaccine effective in a single dose An interdisciplinary team from The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston and Profectus BioSciences, Inc. has developed a quick-acting vaccine that is both safe and effective with a single dose against the Ebola strain that killed thousands of people in West Africa last year. These findings are detailed in the new edition of Nature.
	Tumor cells that mimic blood vessels could help breast cancer spread to other sites Imitation may be the sincerest form of flattery, but it can also have deadly consequences, at least when it comes to tumor cells.
	In first human study, new antibody therapy shows promise in suppressing HIV infection In the first results to emerge from HIV patient trials of a new generation of so-called broadly neutralizing antibodies, Rockefeller University researchers have found the experimental therapy can dramatically reduce the amount of virus present in a patient's blood. The work, reported this week in Nature, brings fresh optimism to the field of HIV immunotherapy and suggests new strategies for fighting or even preventing HIV infection.
	A digital field guide to cancer cells Scientists are mapping the habits of cancer cells, turn by microscopic turn.
	Breast cancer research uncovers the fountain of youth The Fountain of Youth has been discovered and it's not in Florida as Ponce de Leon claimed. Instead, it was found in the mammary glands of genetically modified mice.
	Game played in sync increases children's perceived similarity, closeness What helps children who have just met form a connection? A new study shows that a simple game played together in sync on a computer led 8-year-olds to report a greater sense of similarity and closeness immediately after the activity.
	Biologists identify brain tumor weakness Biologists at MIT and the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research have discovered a vulnerability of brain cancer cells that could be exploited to develop more-effective drugs against brain tumors.
	Worms and germs lead to better immune function A growing body of evidence in the medical community holds that greater diversity of bacteria and even worms in the digestive tract offers protection against a variety of allergic and autoimmune problems.
	Allergy drug inhibits hepatitis C in mice An over-the-counter drug indicated to treat allergy symptoms limited hepatitis C virus activity in infected mice, according to a National Institutes of Health study. The results suggest that the drug, chlorcyclizine HCl (CCZ), potentially could be used to treat the virus in people. Results were published April 8 in Science Translational Medicine.
	Shorter people have bigger risk of heart disease Short people face a greater lifetime risk of clogged arteries, according to a study out Wednesday that confirmed the long-known link between height and heart disease by examining genetics.
	Strokes can double the likelihood of attempted suicide Stroke patients can be up to twice as likely to commit suicide compared with the rest of the population, and the risk of attempted suicide is highest within the first two years after a stroke. These are the findings of a study from Umeå University published in the journal Neurology.
	Research partnership finds new Alzheimer's hope A drug discovery by Adelaide and Chinese scientists could hold promise in the fight against the devastating effects of Alzheimer's Disease.
	Stereotypes make coming out trickier for bisexuals, according to study When Oregon Gov. Kate Brown came out as bisexual to her parents, they reportedly told her they wished she'd come out as a lesbian instead because it would be easier to understand and accept.
	Under-reported suicides may be hiding or compounding the tragedy A new study has revealed that suicide figures may not be as accurate as they are reported, with key Western countries having a higher suicide rate than that reported in official figures, especially the UK.
	Graduate student diagnosed with brain tumor dives into the data In 2007, Steven Keating had his brain scanned out of sheer curiosity.
	Evolution explains when and why we gamble Sales of lottery tickets and insurance policies reveal our ambivalent attitude towards risk—in some situations we love to gamble, whereas in others we prefer to avoid it. New research by scientists at the University of Bristol has found an evolutionary explanation for this puzzling pattern of behaviour.
	Sensor technology used in researcher's study identified brain activity in colleague's comatose wife A frantic phone call to Rutgers neuroscientist Liz Torres from a colleague whose pregnant wife had slipped into a coma has led to the use of sensors that can detect visually imperceptible motions in a comatose person, proving she had some awareness, that she was struggling to communicate, and that her condition was slowly improving.
	Climate change affects where vectors proliferate and also transforms pathogens Accurate forecasts of a changing climate may not be enough to predict future risk from disease transmission, as the carriers themselves are always changing. In other words, seeing into the future is complicated.
	FDA must regulate nutritional supplements, experts say The U.S. Food and Drug Administration must hold companies to a higher standard when it comes to herbal supplements, said Edward Bednarczyk, University at Buffalo pharmacy practice chair, PharmD.
	Research at base of Mt. Everest shows impacts of high altitudes on cardiovascular health As an undergraduate student in the School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Ryan Hoiland travelled on a scientific expedition to Nepal, working in the shadow of Mount Everest to study the effects of severe oxygen deprivation and blood flow to the brain.
	Friends' character insights contain clues to longevity Your friends may know you better than you know yourself. Personality traits you display in your 20s hold clues to how long you'll live – and your friends can judge these traits better than you, researchers report in the journal Psychological Science.
	Children with autism can learn to be social, trial shows When Debra Kamps, senior scientist at the University of Kansas Life Span Institute, first began researching how to improve the social and communication skills of children with autism in natural settings like schools in the 1970s, it was hard to find children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who were in classrooms with their typically developing peers.
	Study links incentives for primary care doctors to improved quality, lower cost Fee-for-value—a physician-reimbursement model that maintains traditional fees for service but includes quality and spending incentives—can reduce spending and improve quality in primary care, according to a study led by the University of Michigan.
	Patients with heart stents have similar increased risk of death from bleeding and heart attacks In patients who received a stent to treat coronary artery blockage, those who experienced bleeding requiring hospitalization in the years after the procedure faced an increased risk of death that was similar to the risk faced by those who subsequently had heart attacks, according to a study of nearly 33,000 patients by UC San Francisco and Kaiser Permanente.
	Brain scans reveal how people 'justify' killing A new study has thrown light on how people can become killers in certain situations, showing how brain activity varies according to whether or not killing is seen as justified.
	Ironing out oxidative stress You're up in the mountains, the snow is blindingly white, and the sun is blazing down from the sky: ideal skiing conditions – but any skiers carrying the herpes virus might also have to reckon with the onset of cold sores after their day out. Increased exposure to UV radiation releases free radicals in the body. These put the body under oxidative stress, which weakens the immune system. And that in turn allows the herpes virus to prosper.
	Mental disorders and physical diseases co-occur in teenagers Every third teenager has suffered from one mental disorder and one physical disease. These co-occurrences come in specific associations: More often than average, depression occurs together with diseases of the digestive system, eating disorders with seizures and anxiety disorders together with arthritis, heart disease as well as diseases of the digestives system. These findings were reported by researchers from the University of Basel and the Ruhr-Universität Bochum. Their results based on data from 6,500 U.S. teenagers have been published in the scientific journal Psychosomatic Medicine.
	Podiatry services manage diabetes fallout A Fremantle-based study has revealed the incidence of foot ulceration in patients with type 2 diabetes has remained stable over the past 15 years, due to community and hospital-based improvements in foot care.
	Searching the microbiome for clues to managing inflammatory bowel disease Sometimes the best medicine is the most basic. Just ask any of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are following a new diet designed to reduce the debilitating symptoms of the illness, developed by Barbara Olendzki, RD, MPH, director of the UMass Medical School Center for Applied Nutrition, and colleagues.
	Scientists link emotional processing deficits with white matter damage Kessler Foundation researchers have linked the inability to recognize facial affect (emotion) with white matter damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI), an important first step toward understanding this emotional processing deficit. Their findings indicate a pattern of white matter damage and gray matter atrophy associated with this specific impairment of social cognition after TBI. The article, "Facial affect recognition linked to damage in specific white matter tracts in traumatic brain injury," was published in Social Neuroscience.
	Melanoma surgery delays are common for Medicare patients One in five Medicare patients with melanoma experience delays in getting surgery, a Yale study found. The research was published April 8 in JAMA Dermatology.
	Rural African-American women had lower rates of depression, mood disorder African-American women who live in rural areas have lower rates of major depressive disorder (MDD) and mood disorder compared with their urban counterparts, while rural non-Hispanic white women have higher rates for both than their urban counterparts, according to an article published online by JAMA Psychiatry.
	MRI screening program for individuals at high risk of pancreatic cancer A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based screening program for individuals at high risk of pancreatic cancer identified pancreatic lesions in 16 of 40 (40 percent) of patients, of whom 5 five underwent surgery, according to a report published online by JAMA Surgery.
	Pesticide exposure contributes to heightened risk of heart disease Pesticide exposure, not obesity alone, can contribute to increased cardiovascular disease risk and inflammation in premenopausal women, according to a new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
	Researchers show that plants can take up nicotine from contaminated soils and from smoke Passive smoking isn't only something that people have to cope with, but plants too. This is because some plants are actually able to take up nicotine from cigarette smoke, while others that grow in contaminated soil absorb it via the roots as well. This might explain why high concentrations of nicotine are often found in spices, herbal teas and medicinal plants, despite the fact that this alkaloid is no longer permitted in insecticides. These findings by Dirk Selmar and colleagues at the Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany, are published in Springer's journal Agronomy for Sustainable Development.
	Where and what is happening in your brain when you sleep? Sleep has profound importance in our lives, such that we spend a considerable proportion of our time engaging in it. Sleep enables the body, including the brain, to recover metabolically, but contemporary research has been moving to focus on the active rather than recuperative role that sleep has on our brain and behaviour.
	The evidence for musical dyslexia Music education in the western world often emphasizes musical literacy, the ability to read musical notation fluently. But this is not always an easy task – even for professional musicians. Which raises the question: Is there such a thing as musical dyslexia?
	Rates of ADHD appear to decrease at higher altitudes Recent research has linked the thin air of higher elevations to increased rates of depression and suicide. But a new study shows there's also good news from up in the aspens and pines: The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) decreases substantially as altitude increases.
	Hidden burden: Most people carry recessive disease mutations Humans carry an average of one to two mutations per person that can cause severe genetic disorders or prenatal death when two copies of the same mutation are inherited, according to estimates published today in the journal Genetics. The new numbers were made possible by a long-term collaboration between medical researchers and a unique community that has maintained detailed family histories for many generations.
	Women, regardless of their backgrounds, seek help for the 'got to go' feeling Regardless of their racial, ethnic, educational or socioeconomic background, women seek help for a frustrating—and ubiquitous—feature of becoming "a woman of a certain age:" the need be close to the women's room.
	Older people can learn to spend less time sitting down Older adults spend 8.5 waking hours a day sitting or lying down—time linked to obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and death—even if they're physically active at other times. A new study showed it was feasible to coach older people to spend less time sitting: an average of a half hour less per day. They reported feeling more able to accomplish everyday tasks—and they walked faster and had fewer depression symptoms.
	Plotting the elimination of dengue Dengue is a viral infection spread between humans by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Dengue causes flu-like symptoms, including intense headaches and joint pains.
	Turning to freshwater sources to fight drug-resistant tuberculosis, other infections The discovery of antibiotics produced by soil fungi and bacteria gave the world life-saving medicine. But new antimicrobials from this resource have become scarce as the threat of drug resistance grows. Now, scientists have started mining lakes and rivers for potential pathogen-fighters, and they've found one from Lake Michigan that is effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis. Their report on the new compound appears in the journal ACS Infectious Diseases.
	What can brain-controlled prosthetics tell us about the brain? The ceremonial opening kick of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Sao Paolo, Brazil, which was performed—with the help of a brain-controlled exo-skeleton—by a local teen who had been paralyzed from the waste down due to a spinal cord injury, was a seminal moment for the area of neuroscience that strives to connect the brain with functional prosthetics. The public display was a representative of thousands of such neuroprosthetic advances in recent years, and the tens of years of brain research and technological development that have gone into them. And while this display was quite an achievement in its own right, a Drexel University biomedical engineer working at the leading edge of the field contends that these devices are also opening a new portal for researchers to understand how the brain functions.
	Don't blame kids if they do not enjoy school, study suggests When children are unmotivated at school, new research suggests their genes may be part of the equation.
	Osteoporosis-related fractures in China expected to double by 2035 The results of the first study using a health economics model to project osteoporosis-related fractures and costs for the Chinese population, shows that the country's healthcare system will face a dramatic rise in costs over the next few decades.
	Enriched broccoli reduces cholesterol Including a new broccoli variety in the diet reduces blood LDL-cholesterol levels by around 6%, according to the results of human trials led by the Institute of Food Research.
	Gene study helps explain Legionnaires' probe complications Genetic research helps to explain why tracing the source of an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease that claimed four lives has proven to be more complicated than scientists hoped.
	Could a dose of nature be just what the doctor ordered? Numerous studies over the past 30 years have linked exposure to nature with improved human health and well-being. These findings are of growing importance: In the near future, 70% of the world's population will live in cities, where they will face a rising tide of lifestyle-related disease. Still, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the nature-health connection, and confusion awaits those who would transform existing findings into action.
	Study shows rats fed a dietary fiber supplement had better weight control A University of Calgary study has found that rats fed a fibre supplement while on a high fat and high sugar diet show a much lower weight gain than those who did not eat the fibre. A team of researchers from the university's Cumming School of Medicine and the Faculty of Kinesiology says the study helps scientists better understand the mechanisms of weight control and energy balance.
	Depressed? Apps lift mood with personalized therapy Feeling blue or anxious? Now, there's a mobile 'therapist' designed to understand you and suggest the ideal mini-app to lift your particular mood.
	Study finds IVFpredict one of the most accurate ways of determining chances of IVF success Accurately predicting the probability of a live birth after in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment is important for both those undergoing the treatment and their clinicians. Findings from a comparison study that analysed the accuracy of the two most widely-used prediction models are published today [08 April] in the journal PLOS ONE.
	Can arts, crafts and computer use preserve your memory? People who participate in arts and craft activities and who socialize in middle and old age may delay the development in very old age of the thinking and memory problems that often lead to dementia, according to a new study published in the April 8, 2015, online issue of Neurology.
	New computer simulation focuses on the role muscles play in pitchers' elbow injuries A new approach to analyzing baseball-pitching biomechanics may one day give players more personalized feedback and help prevent elbow injuries.
	In children with autism, sensorimotor regions of the brain become overconnected In early childhood, the neurons inside children's developing brains form connections between various regions of brain "real estate." As described in a paper published last week in the journal Biological Psychiatry, cognitive neuroscientists at San Diego State University found that in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, the connections between the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum appear to be overdeveloped in sensorimotor regions of the brain. This overdevelopment appears to muscle in on brain "real estate" that in typically developing children is more densely occupied by connections that serve higher cognitive functioning.
	Increase in inflammation linked to high traffic pollution for people on insulin A two-year epidemiological study of Puerto Rican adults with type 2 diabetes in the greater Boston area who were using insulin and lived next to roads with heavy traffic had markedly increased C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, compared to those living in lower traffic areas. Individuals taking oral diabetes medications did not experience increases in CRP concentration. The study, published online in Environmental Pollution, builds on the research team's previous work suggesting that oral diabetes medications may provide a protective effect against inflammation for people with type 2 diabetes.
	Male offspring get the most benefit from pregnant mother's exercise Male offspring appear to benefit more than females from the positive effects of exercise during pregnancy, an animal study by UNSW medical researchers has found.
	Standard nursing assessments improve ability to predict survival in cirrhosis patients Patients hospitalized with advanced cirrhosis, a chronic and degenerative disease of the liver, are at increased risk of death. The tools currently used to assess that risk are limited in predicting which patients will need a liver transplant and which will be healthy enough to survive transplantation. A new study from the Liver Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) suggests that standard assessments that nurses already use to care for patients can be mined for data that significantly improve the ability to predict survival following transplantation and may help improve patient outcomes.
	Rise of UK food banks linked to local spending and central welfare cuts The expansion of food banks across the United Kingdom is associated with cuts in spending on local services, welfare benefits and higher unemployment rates, conclude researchers in The BMJ this week.
	Paving the way for personalised nutrition to improve population health When the human genome was released in 2003, the Institute for the Future, in Palo Alto, USA, said, "about one third of American adults are likely to make at least some decisions based on a knowledge of personalized nutrition by 2010." Five years on it is clear this has not happened, but recent results from a scientific study by researchers from the European Food4Me project show personalised nutrition works and is more effective to improve a person's health compared to someone who just receives general, population-based eating recommendations.
	Pharmacist survey raises concerns for patient access to generic drugs Patient access to generic prescription drugs and community pharmacies are both increasingly at risk due to inadequate reimbursement rates that fail to cover the cost of filling prescriptions, according to a new survey of 700 community pharmacists conducted by the National Community Pharmacists Association (NCPA).
	WHO sets up emergency rapid response network The World Health Organization launched a new network of rapid response medical teams Wednesday to react to humanitarian crises across the globe.
	Talking turkey: How bird flu outbreaks are playing out A deadly strain of bird flu has reached the Midwest, killing or requiring hundreds of thousands of turkeys to be euthanized. Some questions and answers about the outbreak:
	Obese patients improve physically and mentally after bariatric surgery Bariatric surgery, or reduction of gastric capacity, is one of the longer lasting options to achieve considerable weight loss in obese people. A Spanish researcher has participated in a study that confirms that the effects of this relatively complex medical surgery are not only physical but also psychological.
	Multi-organization call to action identifies and addresses safety concerns in labor A healthcare, industry-first collaborative blueprint for labor and delivery safety, developed by four leading professional organizations in maternal health, calls for improving communication among clinicians, team leaders, administrators, health care providers, organizations, and patients to ensure fewer risks and better outcomes for mothers and babies.
	Total annual hospital costs could be reduced by rapid candidemia identification A new study describes a model that estimates the economic consequences of using the T2Candida Panel (a novel diagnostic product that provides Candida detection) as an adjunct to the current blood culture-based diagnostic strategy in a high-risk hospital patient cohort. It estimates that a typical hospital could save as much as $5,858,448 in total annual hospital costs. The study was published online ahead of print in Future Microbiology.
	Study to investigate a potential therapy at cellular level for Huntington's disease Huntington's disease is an hereditary disorder of the nervous system caused by a faulty gene on chromosome four. The faulty gene leads to nerve damage in the area of the brain resulting in gradual physical, mental and emotional changes. Those born to a parent with Huntington's disease have a 50:50 chance of developing it, and there is currently no cure.
	No association between lung cancer risk in women and reproductive history or hormone use The Women's Health Initiative Studies, a large prospective study of lung cancer, found no strong associations between lung cancer risk and a wide range of reproductive history variables and only revealed weak support for a role of hormone use in the incidence of lung cancer.
	Mylan offers about $29B for rival generic drugmaker Perrigo In a deal that would combine two generic drugmakers that recently left the U.S. for Europe, Mylan says it wants to buy Perrigo for $205 per share, or $28.86 billion.
	Suit claims AIDS foundation scammed Medicare for $20M A lawsuit filed in South Florida federal court alleges one of the nation's largest suppliers of HIV and AIDS medical care bilked federal Medicare and Medicaid programs in a $20 million scam that spanned 12 states.
	Jennie-O turkey farm in Minnesota hit by deadly bird flu A ninth Minnesota turkey farm has been hit by a form of bird flu that's deadly to poultry, this time in a large Jennie-O-Turkey Store operation that has 310,000 turkeys, federal authorities and company officials said Wednesday.

Other Sciences news

	Two ancient human fossils from Laos reveal early human diversity An ancient human skull and a jawbone found a few meters away in a cave in northern Laos add to the evidence that early modern humans were physically quite diverse, researchers report in PLOS ONE.
	Don't farm on me: Northern Europeans to Neolithic interlopers Northern Europeans in the Neolithic period initially rejected the practice of farming, which was otherwise spreading throughout the continent, a team of researchers has found. Their findings offer a new wrinkle in the history of a major economic revolution that moved civilizations away from foraging and hunting as a means for survival.
	Research suggests daydreaming might push consumers to spend beyond their means Life is a constant battle between being engaged with one's surroundings and daydreaming. Research at UC's Carl H. Lindner College of Business explores the notion of that dreamy state-of-mind and whether drifting thoughts affect how people make buying decisions. Researchers found that price played a bigger role in purchase decision-making when consumers were engaged and paying attention to their environment as opposed to when their mind wandered, says Ryan Rahinel, assistant professor of marketing at the Lindner College of Business.
	How do we solve science's 'credibility problem'? Science is considered a source of truth and the importance of its role in shaping modern society cannot be overstated. But in recent years science has entered a crisis of trust.
	Overconfidence in new technologies can influence decision-making Technological advances in recent decades have transformed most aspects of daily life, and technology now plays a major role in business and society. However, little is known about how perceptions of technology might influence decision-making. Now, University of Missouri researchers have shown that people tend to overestimate the likelihood of new technologies' success; this overconfidence can influence important decisions, such as investment choices.
	Gay and lesbian job seekers face discrimination A new study shows that discrimination of gay and lesbian job seekers is commonplace within both private firms and the public sector in the UK.
	Philosophers put forward a new emotion recognition model Philosophers at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum have put forward a new model that explains how humans recognise the emotions of others. According to their theory, humans are capable of perceiving feelings directly via pattern recognition. They do not have to deduce feelings by interpreting other people's behaviour. That model is described by the philosophers Prof Dr Albert Newen and Dr Anna Welpinghus, together with Prof Dr Georg Juckel from the LWL University Hospital for Psychiatry, in the journal Mind & Language.
	Team releases study on the hidden quota for women in top management Companies work fairly hard to place one woman—but only one—in a top management position, according to research by Cristian Desz?, an associate professor at the Robert H. Smith School of Business, and two co-authors. The article found evidence of a "quota" effect: Once a company had appointed one woman to a top-tier job, the chances of a second woman landing an elite position at the same firm drop substantially—by about 50 percent, in fact.
	Tension between politics and science soothed—for now Over the past two years, politicians have questioned the value of dozens of projects funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), many of which focus on social sciences and climate change. But a new agreement on transparency has led to an apparent truce between Congress and the agency, according to Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN), the weekly newsmagazine of the American Chemical Society. How stable that truce is, however, remains to be seen.

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