Fwd: Science X Newsletter Tuesday, Sep 12

RESPEKT!

nvestigators fault driver in Tesla Autopilot crash

Design limitations of the Tesla Model S's Autopilot played a major role in the first known fatal crash of a highway vehicle operating under automated control systems, the National Transportation Safety Board said Tuesday.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Newsletter Phys.org <not-for-reply@physorg.com>
Date: Wed, Sep 13, 2017 at 12:30 AM
Subject: Science X Newsletter Tuesday, Sep 12
To: Pascal Alter <pascal.alter@gmail.com>

Dear Pascal Alter,
Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for September 12, 2017:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Eye movements reveal temporal expectation deficits in ADHD

Scientists discover genetic timetable of brain's aging process

Sexually aroused male flies unable to sleep after close encounters with females

Samsung eyes foldable smartphone, voice-controlled speaker

'Keep it local' approach more effective than government schemes at protecting rainforest

Nanoparticles from tattoos circulate inside the body, study finds

Part of New York's subway system found to conform to random matrix theory

Cassini makes its 'goodbye kiss' flyby of Titan

Answer to bacterial antibiotic resistance may be found in plants

In mice, calorie restriction reduces fat but increases fur

Researchers identify possible new target in fight against lung cancer

Type 2 diabetes is being misdiagnosed in African-Americans, genetic study suggests

Study examines cross-species interactions

When the brain's wiring breaks

Biding time could improve conservation outcomes

Nanotechnology news

	Nanoparticles from tattoos circulate inside the body, study finds The elements that make up the ink in tattoos travel inside the body in micro and nanoparticle forms and reach the lymph nodes, according to a study published in Scientific Reports on 12 September by scientists from Germany and the ESRF, the European Synchrotron, Grenoble (France). It is the first time researchers have found analytical evidence of the transport of organic and inorganic pigments and toxic element impurities as well as in depth characterization of the pigments ex vivo in tattooed tissues. Two ESRF beamlines were crucial in this breakthrough.
	Sensor awakens only in the presence of a signal of interest Here's your task. Build a tiny sensor that detects a signature of infrared (IR) wavelengths characteristic of a hot tailpipe, a wood fire, or perhaps even a human being. Design the sensor so that it can remain dormant and unattended but always alert, even for years, without drawing on battery power. And build the sensor so that the act of detection itself can initiate the emission of a signal that alerts warfighters, firefighters, or others that a "signal-of-interest" has been detected. It's just the sort of intelligence, reconnaissance, and surveillance (ISR) technology that can increase situational awareness while minimizing the need for potentially dangerous maintenance missions to replace run-down batteries.
	Graphene based terahertz absorbers Graphene Flagship researches from CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze, Italy and the University of Cambridge, UK have shown that it is possible to create a terahertz saturable absorber using graphene produced by liquid phase exfoliation and deposited by transfer coating and ink jet printing. The paper, published in Nature Communications, reports a terahertz saturable absorber with an order of magnitude higher absorption modulation than other devices produced to date.
	New technique lets doctors predict disease severity An international team of researchers has found a way to diagnose disease and predict patient outcomes simply by measuring unbelievably small changes in interactions between molecules inside the body. The simple new technique could offer vastly superior predictions of disease severity in a huge range of conditions with a genetic component, such as Alzheimer's, autism, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, schizophrenia and depression.

Physics news

Part of New York's subway system found to conform to random matrix theory (Phys.org)—A pair of researchers, one with the University of Toronto, the other with the University of California, has found that at least one line on New York city's metro system conforms to random matrix theory. In their paper published in Physical Review E, Aukosh Jagannath and Thomas Trogdon describe their study, which included using statistical theory to analyze the arrival rates of subway cars.

Physicists propose new way to stabilize next-generation fusion plasmas A key issue for next-generation fusion reactors is the possible impact of many unstable Alfvén eigenmodes, wave-like disturbances produced by the fusion reactions that ripple through the plasma in doughnut-shaped fusion facilities called "tokamaks." Deuterium and tritium fuel react when heated to temperatures near 100 million degrees Celsius, producing high-energy helium ions called alpha particles that heat the plasma and sustain the fusion reactions.

Earth news

	'Keep it local' approach more effective than government schemes at protecting rainforest Conservation initiatives led by local and indigenous groups can be just as effective as schemes led by government, according to new research. In some cases in the Amazon rainforest, grassroots initiatives can be even more effective at protecting this vital ecosystem. This is particularly important due to widespread political resistance to hand over control over forests and other natural resources to local communities.
	Earthquake faults may have played key role in shaping the culture of ancient Greece The Ancient Greeks may have built sacred or treasured sites deliberately on land previously affected by earthquake activity, according to a new study by the University of Plymouth.
	Forest regeneration experiment of 30 years yields results A spruce forest regeneration experiment in Interior Alaska that spanned nearly 30 years demonstrates which forest management practices produce the best results.
	Why Irma wasn't as catastrophic in Florida as feared Hurricane Irma was supposed to be a monster storm, immense and record-breaking in size as it charged toward Florida packing a punch that could a state that is home to some 20 million people.
	New tool to tackle water quality on farms A Victoria University of Wellington researcher has developed a tool that Ravensdown will use to help New Zealand farmers lower their environmental footprints and better manage nutrient loss into waterways.
	30 years of healing the ozone layer This week marks the 30th anniversary of the signing of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The signing of the Montreal Protocol was a landmark political event. The treaty is the first in the history of the United Nations to achieve universal ratification. Environmental science made it happen.
	Climate change and hurricanes: do we need a smoking gun? Many climate scientists are convinced that mega-storms Harvey and Irma—which left scores dead and caused massive economic losses—were boosted by global warming, but hesitate to say so in as many words.
	Rapid climate changes across northern hemisphere in the earliest Middle Pleistocene By studying climate changes that took place thousands of years ago, we can better understand the global climate system and predict the Earth's future climate. A multi-organization research team led by Professor HYODO Masayuki (Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University) has discovered evidence of rapid climate changes on a millennial-to-centennial scale that occurred 780 to 760 thousand years ago. The findings were published on August 30 in Scientific Reports.
	New method to remotely sense ice sheet subsurface temperature demonstrated A new instrument, the Ultrawideband Software-Defined Microwave Radiometer (UWBRAD), aims to provide measurements of ice sheet thermal emission to remotely sense internal ice sheet temperature information.
Zero-burning policy hurts small farmers – a flexible approach is needed To tackle the ongoing disaster of fires and haze that harm human health and the environment, since 2014 the Indonesian government has strictly banned the use of fire to clear peatland areas for agriculture.
	Ancient tree reveals cause of spike in Arctic temperature A kauri tree preserved in a New Zealand peat swamp for 30,000 years has revealed a new mechanism that may explain how temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere spiked several degrees centigrade in just a few decades during the last global ice age.
Modeling the impact of green eggs and hens The whole food movement may be right; consumption of vegan and organic food can be the best choice for reducing environmental impacts, at least if you're a chicken.
	NASA satellites find wind shear affecting Hurricane Jose Vertical wind shear is weakening Hurricane Jose as it makes a cyclonic loop in the western Atlantic Ocean. NASA's Aqua satellite provided an image of Jose that shows the hurricane had become asymmetrical because winds were pushing the clouds away from the center of circulation and the GPM Satellite saw the strongest rainfall in Jose southeast of the center.
	Residents return to storm-ravaged Florida Keys Residents of the Florida Keys began trickling back Tuesday to the tourist haven delivered a crushing blow by Hurricane Irma, as officials warned that at least a quarter of homes on the island chain have been destroyed.
	Irma: US crisis cell brings stranded tourists home In flooded resorts and storm-ravaged beach hotels dotted along the Caribbean archipelago, hundreds of US tourists are waiting for news from the State Department crisis task force.
	In the wake of Harvey, Houston needs to alter planning regulations In the wake of Tropical Storm Harvey, it is crucial to understand Houston's land-development regulations and their limitations. To effectively respond to the storm and plan for a more resilient future, Houston may need to alter its existing land-development system, according to experts from Rice University's Kinder Institute for Urban Research.
	Houston's post-Harvey toxic mess With overflowing sewage, under-regulated exploding chemical plants, and leaking household cleaning and gardening chemicals, some of the air and water in Texas was a toxic mess in the wake of Hurricane Harvey.
Carbon cycling in forest soils research presented Just as individual humans have different microbial communities in their guts, the microbial communities living in soils vary from site to site as well. Recent research compared the decomposition rates of wood stakes over eight sites to gain an understanding of soil microbes in forests. The activity of soil microbes can also tell a story of the value of carbon storage in soil.
	Quarter of houses in Florida Keys destroyed: US official Irma destroyed a quarter of the houses in the Florida Keys, where it first made landfall in the United States as a Category Four hurricane, the US emergency response chief said Tuesday.
New statistical approach for environmental measurements lets the data determine how to model extreme events Modeling environmental data, such as regional wind speed or temperature, is a complicated business. To model data statistically requires significant assumptions about its behavior over time and space—yet arriving at those assumptions requires an understanding of the data that can generally only be obtained by modeling. It's a catch-22 that presents a major obstacle to progress in large-scale environmental and climate modeling, particularly for extreme events.
	Irma's heavy rainfall measured by NASA's IMERG NASA calculated the rainfall left in the wake of now post-tropical cyclone Irma as it moved through the Caribbean Sea to landfall in Florida and then captured a night-time look at the storm as it moved over Georgia.
Historic legacies affect climate change survival in Caribbean The legacies of empire have increased the vulnerability of Caribbean states to climate change, according to University of Warwick expert Dr Leon Sealey-Huggins.
	NASA finds a tail on Typhoon Talim NASA satellite imagery showed what looks like a large tail on Typhoon Talim as it moved through the Philippine Sea.
	NASA finds some strength in new eastern Pacific tropical depression NASA's Aqua satellite measured cloud top temperatures in newly formed Tropical Depression 15E in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and found some strong storms. Tropical Depression 15E developed around 5 p.m. EDT on Sept. 11 and is not a threat to land areas.
	NASA gets infrared look at Tropical Depression 21W NASA's Aqua satellite measured cloud top temperatures in newly formed Tropical Depression 21W in the South China Sea and found a large area of strong thunderstorms around the center of circulation.

Astronomy & Space news

	Cassini makes its 'goodbye kiss' flyby of Titan NASA's Cassini spacecraft is headed toward its Sept. 15 plunge into Saturn, following a final, distant flyby of the planet's giant moon Titan.
	NASA's Saturn-orbiting Cassini spacecraft faces fiery finish After a 20-year voyage, NASA's Cassini spacecraft is poised to dive into Saturn this week to become forever one with the exquisite planet.
	A one-of-a-kind star found to change over decades Astronomers studying the unique binary star system AR Scorpii have discovered the brightness of the system has changed over the past decade. The new evidence lends support to an existing theory of how the unusual star emits energy. AR Scorpii consists of a rapidly spinning, magnetized white dwarf star that mysteriously interacts with its companion star. The system was recently found to more than double in brightness on timescales of minutes and hours, but research recently published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters found variability on a timescale of decades.
	Image: Cassini's last long-distance Saturn view With this view, Cassini captured one of its last looks at Saturn and its main rings from a distance. The Saturn system has been Cassini's home for 13 years, but its journey will end on 15 September.
	Scientists use mismatch in telescopic data to get a handle on quasars and their 'tails' Scientists have determined the properties of ionized jets of matter ejected by supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei. They analyzed unexpected discrepancies between the data of high-precision observations conducted by an international network of radio telescopes and that of Gaia—a space observatory of the European Space Agency equipped with optical telescopes.
	U.S. cargo ship set to depart from International Space Station After delivering more than 6,400 pounds of cargo, a SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft will depart the International Space Station on Sunday, Sept. 17. NASA Television and the agency's website will provide live coverage of Dragon's departure beginning at 4:30 a.m. EDT.
	When the world is not enough—how to find another planet to live on The seafaring explorers of the 16th century famously found many new homes for humanity in faraway, unknown corners of the world. While it may seem that such colonisation has since ground to a halt, some have argued it is only a matter of time before humans start moving to "exoplanets" in foreign star systems. But how close are we to such an expansion?
	Photosynthesis under light conditions different from the Earth Researchers at the Astrobiology Center (ABC) of National Institutes of Natural Science (NINS) in Japan and their colleagues have proposed that Earth-like red-edge reflection patterns could be observed on exoplanets around M-dwarfs. They point out that the first oxygenic phototrophs are most likely to have evolved underwater to utilize visible light, as occurred in the primordial ocean on Earth.
	Three astronauts set for ISS blast-off Two US astronauts and a Russian cosmonaut were set to blast off for the International Space Station Tuesday in a late-night launch from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
	Keeping NASA's James Webb Space Telescope in the dark This bunny-suited technician is performing the important task of ensuring no unwanted infrared light interferes with the optical testing of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope inside of Chamber A at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston.
	Gravitational waves will let us see inside stars as supernovae happen On February 11th, 2016, scientists at the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) announced the first detection of gravitational waves. This development, which confirmed a prediction made by Einstein's Theory of General Relativity a century ago, has opened up new avenues of research for cosmologists and astrophysicists. Since that time, more detections have been made, all of which were said to be the result of black holes merging.
Kennedy Space Center remains closed, but spared major damage NASA's Kennedy Space Center remained closed Tuesday but appeared to have weathered Hurricane Irma well.

Technology news

	Samsung eyes foldable smartphone, voice-controlled speaker Samsung Electronics Co. said Tuesday it aims to launch a foldable smartphone next year under its Galaxy Note brand.
	Making lithium-ion batteries safer, stronger Today's rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are good, but they could be much better in the future.
	A drone for last-centimeter delivery A new drone developed at EPFL uses cutting-edge technology to deliver parcels weighing up to 500 grams. The device will never get stuck in traffic, it's programmed to avoid obstacles, and it can reach destinations on steep or uneven terrain. Its protective cage and foldable design mean that it can be carried around in a backpack and used in total safety.
	New microchip technology could be used to track 'smart pills' Researchers at Caltech have developed a prototype miniature medical device that could ultimately be used in "smart pills" to diagnose and treat diseases. A key to the new technology—and what makes it unique among other microscale medical devices—is that its location can be precisely identified within the body, something that proved challenging before.
	Apple unveils new smartwatch, says it is world's top watch Apple unveiled an updated version of its smartwatch Monday, as it claimed the device had become the top-selling watch in the world ahead of rivals such as Rolex and Fossil.
	Apple lays claim to smartphone future with new flagship iPhone X (Update) Apple laid claim to the future of the smartphone Tuesday with a 10th anniversary iPhone X, featuring facial recognition unlocking and other refinements, touting the device as the next generation of mobile computing.
	Wisconsin Senate poised to pass $3 billion for Foxconn The Wisconsin Senate was poised to approve nearly $3 billion in cash payments for Taiwan-based Foxconn Technology Group on Tuesday, an unprecedented incentive package for the electronics company to locate a flat-screen factory in the state.
	Nissan decries incremental change, seeks dramatic jumps Aiming to get an edge on its rivals in an intensely competitive industry, Japanese automaker Nissan says it's attempting to foster a corporate culture that will produce manufacturing innovations in leaps and bounds instead of steady incremental improvement.
	Investigators fault driver in Tesla Autopilot crash Design limitations of the Tesla Model S's Autopilot played a major role in the first known fatal crash of a highway vehicle operating under automated control systems, the National Transportation Safety Board said Tuesday.
	Two years after 'dieselgate', can diesel be saved? Buffeted by scandals and threatened by driving bans, diesel has become the bete noire of the auto industry. But as the second anniversary of 'dieselgate' approaches, is the engine of choice for millions of European drivers really in its death throes?
	Big-ticket 'iPhone X' expected to star at Apple event A 10th anniversary "iPhone X" with a price as stunning as its rich screen was expected to be the star at an Apple event Tuesday at its new campus in Silicon Valley.
	IAA car show displays industry in throes of reinvention Automakers meet for the biennial Frankfurt car show (IAA) Tuesday, radiating confidence even as they face tougher environmental rules, a rush of pricey new technologies and major players leaving empty seats.
	Japan: the land of a thousand conveniences Heated toilets that spray users clean, train seats that revolve so passengers can admire the scenery and a convenience store on every corner: welcome to Japan, where hospitality and customer service form part of the country's DNA.
With Irma goodwill gesture, Tesla's remote control raises eyebrows Electric car maker Tesla helped its owners fleeing the path of Hurricane Irma, offering a complementary boost to the car battery's range to allow them to travel further before needing to recharge.
	Electric cars dominate the buzz at Frankfurt auto show Carmakers at the Frankfurt auto show are unveiling the low-emissions vehicles and technology strategies they hope will let them profit from the sweeping changes expected to hit the auto industry in the next few years.
	Scientists are analyzing your tweets and FB posts—is it ethical? Did you know researchers are reading and analyzing your tweets and Facebook posts in the name of science? If so, how do you feel about it? If you feel unsettled, what would make you feel better?
	Smart homes could worsen domestic abuse—but the same technology may also make us safer Digital technology is increasingly used in domestic and family violence, and the so-called "smart home" could make it worse.
	Are cryptocurrencies a dream come true for cyber-extortionists? When malicious software takes over computers around the world, encrypts their data and demands a ransom to decode the information, regular activities of governments, companies and hospitals slam to a halt. Sometimes security researchers release a fix that allows computer owners to decrypt their machines without paying, but many people are forced to pony up to free their data.
	Converting waste toilet paper into electricity Chemists at the University of Amsterdam's (UvA) Sustainable Chemistry research priority area, together with colleagues from the Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development of Utrecht University, have published the first techno-economic analysis of converting waste toilet paper into electricity. In the journal Energy Technology, they propose a two-step process and calculate a cost per kWh comparable to that of residential photovoltaic installations.
	Study sets new distance record for medical drone transport Johns Hopkins researchers have set a new delivery distance record for medical drones, successfully transporting human blood samples across 161 miles of Arizona desert. Throughout the three-hour flight, they report, the on-board payload system maintained temperature control, ensuring the samples were viable for laboratory analysis after landing.
Apple's new iPhone will probably cost more than a MacBook Air Is a phone worth a mortgage payment? That's what consumers may be asking themselves when Apple unveils its newest iPhone on Tuesday.
US expected to update self-driving car guidelines The Trump administration on Tuesday unveiled updated safety guidelines for self-driving cars in an attempt to clear barriers for automakers and tech companies wanting to get test vehicles on the road.
	To Improve smartphone privacy, control access to third-party libraries Smartphone apps that share users' locations, contacts and other sensitive information with third parties often do so through a relative handful of services called third-party libraries, suggesting a new strategy for protecting privacy, Carnegie Mellon University researchers say.
	The Latest: Analysts notes potential for iPhone X features The Latest on the Apple event at its headquarters in California (all times local):
	Tesla system partly to blame in fatal 2016 crash: safety panel The "Autopilot" system used in Tesla automobiles was partly to blame for a fatal May 2016 crash in Florida where the electric car slammed into a truck, a US safety report concluded Tuesday.
	Apple kicks off event; $1,000 iPhone is expected Apple has kicked off a September product event at which it is expected to unveil a dramatically redesigned iPhone that could cost $1,000.
	Google appeals $2.9 billion EU fine even as it plans fixes Google is appealing a $2.9 billion fine imposed by European Union regulators.
	Apple unveils $999 iPhone X, loses 'home' button "One more thing." With that phrase, Apple paid homage to its late co-founder Steve Jobs for the 10-year anniversary of the iPhone on Tuesday when it unveiled its latest—and, at $999, its most expensive—new version of the device, the iPhone X.
	Cleaner engines and spinning sails propel emissions reductions in big ships A major overhaul of ship propulsion is underway to make global shipping cleaner and more energy-efficient.
	Video: Drones help scientists check the health of Antarctic mosses, revealing climate change clues Drones are helping scientists check the health of Antarctic mosses, revealing clues on the pace of climate change.
Can we fix traffic congestion? If your work commute is the worst part of your day, you'll be pleased to hear there are better ways.
	In Persian Gulf, computer hacking now a cross-border fear From suspected Iranian cyberattacks on Saudi Arabia to leaked emails causing consternation among nominally allied Arab nations, state-sponsored hacks have become an increasing worry among countries across the Persian Gulf.
	DAAP grad puts 'design doing' into action with new sports lighting system On May 24, 1935, Cincinnati's Crosley Field illuminated for professional baseball's first night game. University of Cincinnati alum Earl Payne, Eng. '26, helped design that revolutionary lighting system—along with the original lighting layout for UC's Nippert Stadium.

Chemistry news

Answer to bacterial antibiotic resistance may be found in plants Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an ever-growing problem for healthcare, agriculture and hygiene, thanks to their indiscriminate and often excessive use.
	Protein derived from oats is tethered to 'cell-suicide' enzyme in new technique The ability to selectively eradicate specific types of cells from multicellular organisms allows scientists to decipher those cells' functions, but the tools available to do so—whether surgical, chemical, or genetic—are imprecise and far from ideal. Now, protein engineers and neurobiologists at UC San Francisco have teamed up to create a biological light saber—an engineered protein that can slay specific cells simply by exposing them to light.
	A biosensor detects adulteration of horse in beef meat within one hour The adulterating of beef with horse meat can now be detected with an electrochemical biosensor developed by the Complutense University of Madrid, which is able to recognize a DNA fragment that exists among 4500 mitochondrial genomes of horses, and which is absent in other mammals.
	Researchers create device to identify risks for breast cancer Researchers at Purdue University are creating a device that they hope will help identify risk factors that cause breast cancer.
	Gazing into the flames of ionic winds New 3-D visualizations that reveal how flames respond to electric fields could help improve combustion efficiency and reduce pollution.
	Storming the cellular barricades to fight fungi Yale scientists have developed a new class of small molecules that attack fungal infections by clinging to the cell wall of harmful fungi and recruiting a swarm of antibodies to join the fight.
	Army scientists discover power in urine Scientists at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory observed an unexpected result when combining urine with a newly engineered nano-powder based on aluminum. It instantly releases hydrogen from the urine at much higher rate than with ordinary water.
	Biochemists dip into the health benefits of olives and olive oil The health benefits of olives— and associated natural products such as olive oil—have long been recognized and touted by proponents of the Mediterranean diet.
	Compounds in an Asian fermented fish paste could reduce high cholesterol Compounds in a fermented fish paste used as a condiment in Indonesia efficiently inhibit an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, reports a study published in the Pertanika journal Tropical Agricultural Science.
	Video: Why do phone batteries sometimes explode? Lithium-ion batteries have become a ubiquitous part of the digital revolution, but not without a serious setback.

Biology news

	Sexually aroused male flies unable to sleep after close encounters with females The urge to mate appears to override the need to sleep in flies, according to new research that hints at the importance of sleep for animals.
Study examines cross-species interactions In a first-of-its-kind study, NC State researchers applied a new approach to examine how members of two different species – a plant and a pathogen, for example, or a bacterium and a human – interact at the molecular level, and whether slight genetic changes in one species could affect gene expression in the other.
	Biding time could improve conservation outcomes Strategic delays in conservation efforts could be the key to protecting more species according to researchers at The University of Queensland.
	New tools sift cancer sequences for microsatellite mutations Two new computational tools, MSMuTect and MSMutSig, could help reveal how often mutations in common DNA features called microsatellites appear in, and contribute to, cancer.
	Marsupial moms express placental genes in milk Modern mothers, whether they be human or mouse, might be forgiven for envying marsupial mamas. Rather than enduring a long pregnancy and the birth of a relatively well-developed—and comparatively large—baby, kangaroos, wallabies and their ilk blithely pop out offspring after pregnancies measured in days rather than months.
	Explosion in number of known life forms A remarkable effort from University of Queensland researchers has helped increase the number of known genomes by almost 10 per cent.
	Tomatoes' crystal ball reveals evolutionary secrets Michigan State University's Robert Last studies tomatoes. Specifically, he researches their hair, or trichomes.
	Researchers discover how hibernating ribosomes wake up In research published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), Mee-Ngan F. Yap, Ph.D., assistant professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Saint Louis University, has uncovered the way a bacterial ribosome moves from an inactive to an active form, and how that "wake up call" is key to its survival.
	'Fluffy' the great white shark heads back to sea A baby great white shark that stunned onlookers when it washed up on a popular Sydney beach was released back into the ocean Tuesday after spending the night in an aquarium.
Lawsuit settled over rights to monkey's selfie photo Attorneys announced a settlement Monday in a lawsuit over who owns the copyright to selfie photographs taken by a monkey before a federal appeals court could answer the novel legal question.
	Microbes in flower nectar affect pollination Dipping its beak into the sweet nectar of a flower, a hummingbird is doing more than getting a meal – it's contributing to a microbial community that could potentially determine the fate of that flower. Recognizing that this fleeting interaction could have major implications on crop success and the health of pollinator species, the research group led by Tadashi Fukami, an associate professor of biology at Stanford, has studied the relationships between pollinators, microbes and plants for nearly a decade.
	Evolutionary geneticists spot natural selection happening now in people Human evolution can seem like a phenomenon of the distant past which applies only to our ancestors living millions of years ago. But human evolution is ongoing. To evolve simply means that mutations – the accidental changes to genes that happen normally in the process of copying DNA – are becoming more or less common in the population over time.
Researchers discover new, abundant enzyme that helps bacteria infect animals Researchers have discovered a new class of enzymes in hundreds of bacterial species, including some that cause disease in humans and animals. The discovery provides new insights into how bacteria invade their hosts. The research appears this week in Nature Communications.
	Microscope invented at marine biological laboratory illuminates chromosomal 'dark matter' Using a microscope invented at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), a collaborative team of biologists, instrument developers, and computational scientists has for the first time measured the density of a relatively inscrutable, highly condensed form of chromosomal material that appears in the cells of human beings and other eukaryotes. MBL scientists Michael Shribak (the microscope's inventor) and Tomomi Tani, together with Kazuhiro Maeshima of the National Institute of Genetics, Japan, recently reported their findings in Molecular Biology of the Cell.
	Researchers identify movement patterns of a parrotfish that rotationally harvests its favorite algae Steephead parrotfish (Chlorurus microrhinos) are picky eaters. In the central Pacific, however, they appear to have taken matters into their own hands—er, fins.
	Biologists learned what Przewalski's horse ate more than a century ago A scientist from the Lomonosov Moscow State University's Faculty of Biology and colleagues have explained the changes in the diet of modern Przewalski's horses that have occurred since the end of the 19th century. The results were published in Scientific Reports.
Biotech hormone reduces cost of inducing ovulation in livestock A Brazilian startup called Kimera Biotecnologia, based in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, has produced the first biotech version of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), a hormone widely used to induce and synchronize estrus in cattle and pigs, with the aim of optimizing the results of artificial insemination.
	What happens to pets after a natural disaster? After a natural disaster, images of destruction cover our newsfeeds. Most of these focus on the destruction of the landscape, or on the resulting human suffering. In any disaster where people suffer and die, pets and livestock will suffer and die, too. This has grave consequences for the animals, of course, but also for their owners. In 1999, Hurricane Floyd caused 2.9 million pet and livestock deaths, and thousands more owners lost their pets. The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina was particularly devastating. The Louisiana SPCA estimates that 15,500 animals required rescue, and that 80 to 85 percent of these animals were never reunited with their owners.
Customising solutions—whiteflies and world hunger 800 million people around the world rely on cassava for survival.

Medicine & Health news

	Eye movements reveal temporal expectation deficits in ADHD A technique that measures tiny movements of the eyes may help scientists better understand and perhaps eventually improve assessment of ADHD, according to new research published in Psychological Science.
	Scientists discover genetic timetable of brain's aging process Brain scientists have identified a genetic programme that controls the way our brain changes throughout life.
	In mice, calorie restriction reduces fat but increases fur Calorie restriction may help mice stay slim and live longer, but it also means less fat to keep their bodies warm. Researchers in Brazil have found that mouse skin responds to caloric restriction by stimulating fur growth, increasing blood flow, and altering cell metabolism to increase energy efficiency. The study, published September 12 in the journal Cell Reports, reveals that animals may use this as an evolutionary adaptation to stay warm—and alive—in limited food conditions.
	Researchers identify possible new target in fight against lung cancer Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) have identified a molecule called miR-124 in non-small cell lung cancer cells that plays a regulatory role in the cancer cells' fate—determining whether or not the specific subtype of cancer cell will undergo programmed cell death.
	Type 2 diabetes is being misdiagnosed in African-Americans, genetic study suggests One of the tests used to diagnose type 2 diabetes and monitor blood sugar control is influenced by 60 genetic variants, an international team of scientists, including those from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, has found. One genetic variant in particular, found only in African Americans, significantly reduces the accuracy of the HbA1c blood test used to diagnose and monitor the condition. This means around 650,000 African Americans in the US could have undiagnosed type 2 diabetes if tested with the HbA1c test alone.
	When the brain's wiring breaks Among all the bad things that can happen to the brain when it is severely jolted – in a car accident, for example – one of the most common and worrisome is axon damage. Axons are the long stalks that grow out of the bodies of neurons and carry signals to other neurons. They are part of the brain's "wiring," and they sometimes grow to amazing lengths – from the brain all the way down to the spinal cord. But axons are thin and fragile. When the brain receives a strong blow, axons are often stressed past their structural limits. They either break or swiftly degenerate.
	Large genomic databases hold clues linking genetic mutations to future disease risk Physicians are increasingly using genetic testing to unravel mysterious or rare diseases in patients with baffling symptoms. But untangling mystifying symptoms is only half the battle. The next frontier in genomic analysis is predicting whether a genetic mutation is a harbinger of future disease.
	Could modifying gut microbes prevent or delay type 1 diabetes? Autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes are controlled by our genes. While researchers are eager to find out what other factors could contribute to this disease, a new study published by Yale researchers provides direct evidence that environmental factors, such as microbes that inhabit our intestines, may influence the incidence of the disease.
	Recording bad dreams in rats A trio of researchers working at New York University Neuroscience Institute has recorded what appear to be bad dreams in the brains of rats as they sleep. In their paper published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, Gabrielle Girardeau, Ingrid Inema and György Buzsáki describe experiments they carried out with rats and what they found.
	Lab-grown bone cell breakthrough heralds new benefits for orthopaedics Technology originally developed to detect gravitational waves is being used to generate tissue engineered bone grafts for future use in orthopaedic medicine, scientists report in a new paper published today.
	'Missing link' explains how viruses trigger immunity A discovery by Melbourne researchers has solved a longstanding mystery of how viruses trigger protective immunity within our body.
	Researchers reverse the negative effects of adolescent marijuana use Researchers at Western University have found a way to use pharmaceuticals to reverse the negative psychiatric effects of THC, the psychoactive chemical found in marijuana. Chronic adolescent marijuana use has previously been linked to the development of psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, in adulthood. But until now, researchers were unsure of what exactly was happening in the brain to cause this to occur.
	'Superbug' bacteria gang up on us, fueled by antibiotic use, nursing home study suggests What's worse than getting exposed to a kind of bacteria that modern antibiotics can't kill? Getting exposed to more than one - because they may work together to cause an infection, new research suggests.
	Study reveals new clues to how a successful HIV vaccine could work Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have made a discovery that could speed efforts to develop a successful HIV vaccine.
	New recommendations aim to help pregnant women with HIV make informed choices New recommendations on antiretroviral drugs for pregnant women living with HIV can help women make more informed choices about benefits and harms, say a panel of international experts in The BMJ today.
Exposure to head impacts in youth football practice drills Researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center examined differences in the number, location, and magnitude of head impacts sustained by young athletes during various youth football practice drills. Such information could lead to recommendations for football practices, including modification of some high-intensity drills in order to reduce players' exposure to head impacts and, consequently, lessen the risks of injury. Detailed information on the findings of this study can be found in the article, "Head impact exposure measured in a single youth football team during practice drills," by Mireille E. Kelley, MS (a graduate student in Biomedical Engineering at Wake Forest Baptist), et al., published today in the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics.
Air quality in 'green' housing affected by toxic chemicals in building materials Indoor air pollution can be a problem in many homes, even in eco-friendly buildings. Thanks to a new innovative study led by Silent Spring Institute, researchers have a better idea of where these pollutants come from—which ones come from chemicals leaching out of building materials and which ones from the personal items people bring into their homes. The findings could inform the development of new green building standards and lead to healthier housing, especially for low-income communities.
	Running group helps half its graduates quit smoking Joining a running group can help you quit smoking. That's the conclusion of a new UBC study that found that half the people who completed a 10-week program were able to successfully quit smoking.
How should we handle boys who can't read? Many people know that girls, on average, are worse at math than boys. But the gender difference is three times greater when it comes to reading. According to international studies, this is where boys struggle.
Offspring of female mice exposed to e-cigarettes have increased risk of allergic asthma Researchers have found that maternal e-cigarette vaping is linked to an increased risk of allergic asthma in offspring. The study was carried out in mice, but Dr Pawan Sharma, Chancellors Fellow and Research Leader in the Airways Disease Group at the University of Technology Sydney, Australia, will tell the congress: "These findings highlight that e-cigarette use during pregnancy should not be considered safe."
Asthma linked to increase in fertility treatment Women with asthma are more likely to have fertility treatment before giving birth than non-asthmatic women, according to new research presented today (Tuesday) at the European Respiratory Society International Congress.
	Explaining bursts of activity in brains of preterm babies The source of spontaneous, high-amplitude bursts of activity seen in the brains of preterm babies, which are vital for healthy development, has been identified by a team led by researchers at UCL and King's College London.
	Therapy proves effective in subgroup of COPD patients An antibody treatment reduces the rate of flare-ups by nearly 20 percent in patients with a subgroup of treatment-resistant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), according to the results of two large international trials presented today at the European Respiratory Society International Congress in Milan, Italy, and simultaneously published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Monster success of "It" feeds primal fear of clowns The big-screen remake of Stephen King's "It," starring the evil entity Pennywise, has smashed box office records and reaffirmed an age-old rule of horror: clowns are creepy as hell.
	New research to treat acute malnutrition Researchers from the University of Copenhagen and humanitarian organizations have conducted a large study in Burkina Faso in West Africa treating more than 1600 children with acute malnutrition. The study, published Monday 11 September in the open access medical journal PLOS Medicine, showed that corn-soy porridge should be replaced with a lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS), a fortified peanut butter. The results of the study can be used directly both in the treatment and prevention of acute malnutrition.
	Your stools reveal whether you can lose weight Something as simple as a faeces sample reveals whether you can lose weight by following dietary recommendations characterized by a high content of fruit, vegetables, fibers and whole grains. This is a finding of a new study conducted at the Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Household environment—not genetics—shapes salivary microbes Researchers in the United Kingdom have discovered that the mix of microorganisms that inhabit a person's saliva are largely determined by the human host's household. The study, published this week in mBio, an open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology, shows that early environmental influences play a far larger role than human genetics in shaping the salivary microbiome—the group of organisms that play a crucial role in oral and overall health.
Menopausal hormone therapy not associated with mortality or deaths from CVD The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) hormone therapy trials tested the most common formulations of hormone therapy - estrogen and progestin, and estrogen alone - to assess the benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy taken for chronic disease prevention, by predominantly healthy postmenopausal women. Health outcomes have been previously reported but the earlier reports did not focus specifically on all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality. A new study led by investigators at Brigham and Women's Hospital published in JAMA on September 12, 2017, is the first to examine the long-term rates of death from all-causes, and the rates of death from specific causes, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and other major illnesses over a follow-up of 18 years among 27,347 women from the two WHI hormone therapy trials. In the overall study of women ages 50-79, researchers found no increase or decrease in total mortality or deaths from cardiovascular disease, cancer or other major illnesses in the randomized hormone therapy trials.
Laparoscopic antireflux surgery associated with high rate of recurrence of GERD Among patients who underwent laparoscopic antireflux surgery, about 18 percent experienced recurrent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) requiring long-term medication use or secondary antireflux surgery, according to a study published by JAMA.
Hospice care is short and may start later than needed Older adults are admitted to hospice for short duration despite experiencing symptoms months prior to the end of life, according to a Yale-led study. The finding highlights the need for earlier hospice admission or other strategies to address increasing symptoms and disability at the end of life, the researchers said.
	Lay interventions for depression and drinking Brief psychological interventions delivered by lay counsellors in primary care were effective and cost-effective for patients with depression and harmful drinking in India, according to two studies in PLOS Medicine by Vikram Patel of Harvard Medical School, USA, and colleagues from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK and Sangath, India. The authors have previously reported the effectiveness of the two interventions, Healthy Activity Programme (HAP) and Counselling for Alcohol Problems (CAP), at 3 months; however, the longer-term benefits of the interventions were previously unknown.
The mental health impact of major disasters like Harvey and Irma When major disasters like Hurricanes Harvey and Irma hit, the first priority is to keep people safe. This process can involve dramatic evacuations, rescues and searches.
What do hospitals do in a hurricane? Use their own emergency plans We all expect hospitals to be open and operating when we need them, but extreme weather events like hurricanes are a strain on resources and pose significant challenges for hospitals. Closing a hospital is an extreme action, but several hospitals in Florida, Georgia and South Carolina did just that before the arrival of Hurricane Irma.
	Age, not abstinence, may be the bigger problem in sex education While abstaining from sex is the only foolproof way to avoid pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, abstinence-only education programs often fail to prevent young people from engaging in sexual activity, according to a report in the September issue of the Journal of Adolescent Health.
	Behaviour is considered more moral the more common it is Is it less wrong to avoid tax if everyone else is doing it? A new study from Karolinska Institutet demonstrates that our view of what is morally right or wrong is shaped by how widespread a particular behaviour is. The results, which are presented in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, can improve our understanding of the psychological mechanisms behind attitudinal change in society.
	New insights made into cellular signalling pathway linked to cancer and other diseases  Researchers at McMaster University have learned more about the regulation of a cellular signalling pathway involved in the development of several types of cancer, including colon cancer.
	Study explores role of popular anti-inflammatory drugs on hydration during exercise Every year, athletes across the country push themselves to their physical limits, often in extremely hot conditions. Increasingly, those same athletes are taking prescription and over-the-counter drugs to treat the resulting pain and soreness they experience. But very little is known about the effects non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have on dehydration and body temperature, both of which can be closely related to heat stroke.
New tool to assess usefulness of clinical guidelines for patient outcomes A team of researchers at Tufts University School of Medicine and colleagues have developed a new tool, G-TRUST (the Guideline Trustworthiness, Relevance, and Utility Scoring Tool) to help clinicians assess the usefulness of clinical guidelines in the treatment of their patients. The related study is published today in Annals of Family Medicine.
	UK 'ill prepared' for death and dying Disjointed policies, fragmented planning and inadequate preparation to support people dying and those bereaved mean that the UK is 'ill prepared' to respond to the needs and realities of its rapidly ageing population, according to the authors of a new Institute for Policy Research (IPR) Policy Brief released today (Tuesday 12 September).
	How a baby's brain prepares for the outside world The developing brain is not merely a downsized version of that of an adult, but is uniquely designed to prepare itself for the external world. It has structures and functions whose sole role is to set up the basic circuits required for life after birth, which then disappear once they have done their duty. We know from studying babies born prematurely that even at this very early stage the brain is extremely active, but in a way that is highly specific to this time of life.
	Standing too much at work can double your risk of heart disease There's been a lot of interest in the harmful effects of prolonged sitting at work, from academics and the public alike. The attention being paid to sitting—or rather, not sitting —while on the job stems from the scientifically validated message that being sedentary in general, both indoors and outdoors, is bad for your health.
	Should you replace sugar with artificial sweeteners? We know Australians are consuming too much sugar. The latest results from the Australian Bureau of Statistics show 52% of the population are consuming more than is recommended, and this is affecting weight and dental health.
	New diagnostic test for human African Sleeping Sickness A new diagnostic test developed from research at the Universities of Dundee and Cambridge has been launched with the aim of helping eliminate the disease known as African sleeping sickness.
	Variation in genetic risk explains which people develop type 1 diabetes in later life Having certain genetic variants could explain why people can develop type 1 diabetes at markedly different ages, including later in life, says new University of Exeter research being presented at this year's annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) in Lisbon, Portugal (11-15 Sept). The study is the first to suggest there is a specific genetic predisposition for late onset type 1 diabetes.
	Why only half of healthcare workers have the flu vaccine The low uptake of flu vaccination among medical students and doctors is influenced by social attitudes say researchers.
	Drugs in disguise heal the brain The treatment of brain diseases is on the verge of a breakthrough. Researchers from Aalborg University are developing a new method that 'smuggles' medicine past the brain's defense systems, giving hope that diseases such as Alzheimer's can one day be cured.
	Cancer survivors who quit smoking sooner can live longer Lung cancer survivors who quit smoking within a year of diagnosis will live for longer than those who continue to smoke, according to new research led by the Universities of Birmingham and Oxford.
	Respiratory experts urge rethink of 'outdated' asthma categorisation A group of respiratory medicine experts have called for an overhaul of how asthma and other airways diseases are categorised and treated.
	Telemonitoring and automated messages improve CPAP adherence Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are more likely to use CPAP, or continuous positive airway pressure, when their use is telemonitored and they receive individualized, automated messages that reinforce therapy adherence, according to a randomized, controlled trial published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
	It's time to kick fido out—of bed, that is (HealthDay)—It's time to reclaim your bed and send your pets packing—at least at night.
	Hurricanes may have longer-lasting impact on kids (HealthDay)—Children may have a more difficult time coping with the devastating hurricanes that have recently hit the United States, an expert says.
	The truth about exercise and calorie burn (HealthDay)—When you consider that a hot fudge sundae can top 500 calories, 30 minutes of walking at a slow pace will barely make a dent in undoing the damage.
	'Modest at best' discriminatory ability for CBC test in infants (HealthDay)—Complete blood cell count parameters at commonly used or optimal thresholds do not offer high accuracy in identifying invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) in febrile infants (≤60 days of age), according to a study published online Sept. 11 in JAMA Pediatrics.
	AAO-HNS: improvement in OSA with cranial nerve stimulation (HealthDay)—For patients with moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea, cranial nerve XII (CNXII) stimulation is associated with significant clinical improvements at one and five years, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, held from Sept. 10 to 13 in Chicago.
	ASBMR: Romosozumab reduces fracture rate in osteoporosis (HealthDay)—Romosozumab treatment followed by alendronate is linked to reduced risk of fractures versus alendronate alone for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, according to a study published online Sept. 11 in the New England Journal of Medicine. The research was published to coincide with the annual meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, held from Sept. 8 to 11 in Denver.
	Astronauts don't develop anemia during spaceflight, NASA study suggests Space flight anemia - the reduction of circulating red blood cells (RBCs) during time spent in space - is an established phenomenon, but it may not be a major concern during long-duration space missions, according to a study published in the open access journal BMC Hematology.
	A mobile app for changing infant sleep habits developed In Japan, infants' sleep time is one of the shortest in the world. A research group led by Osaka University developed a smart phone application in which caregivers could interactively consult with and receive advice from a group of pediatric sleep experts (pediatricians, a dentist, clinical psychologists, and a clinical developmental psychologist). This research group proved the effectiveness of the application in improving infants' sleep habits through preliminary studies performed at the research institute.
Best poster at ESMO 2017 shows positive trials twice as likely to be reported in lay press Randomised controlled trials with positive results are twice as likely to be reported by the lay press as those with negative trials, according to results from the Best Poster in Public Health and Health Economics at the ESMO 2017 Congress in Madrid. Trials on immunotherapy and targeted therapy were more commonly reported than those on chemotherapy.
Child heart patients treated for rare surgical infection At least a dozen children who had heart surgery at Children's Hospital New Orleans between late May and July have infected incisions, apparently from contaminated equipment.
	Cancer drug stimulates tripolar mode of mitosis Taxanes inhibit cell division and make cancer cells sensitive to radiation therapy. A current study has investigated the underlying mechanisms of this action - and which biomarkers may be useful for predicting the success of therapy. The study, published in the journal Oncogene, was carried out within the framework of the Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer at Helmholtz Zentrum München and Munich University Hospital.
	Study suggests father's environmental exposure affects sperm epigenetics Early results from a larger, ongoing study led by environmental health scientist Richard Pilsner at the University of Massachusetts Amherst suggest that phthalate levels in expectant fathers have an effect on couples' reproductive success via epigenetic modifications of sperm DNA.
Women's wellness: Should I be worried about morning sickness? Dear Mayo Clinic: I'm 15 weeks pregnant and have had horrible morning sickness from the beginning of the pregnancy. I've lost weight and worry that will affect the baby's health. I didn't experience any morning sickness with my first pregnancy. Is this normal? What can I do to get back to eating while feeling nauseated all the time?
Emergency doctors find new life-saving use in old machine Slammed in the gut by a wrecking ball, the construction worker arrived at the University of Maryland Shock Trauma Center in dire condition years ago.
Shedding new light on hospice care: no need to wait for the 'brink of death' A few weeks ago, Kathy Brandt's 86-year-old mother was hospitalized in Florida after a fall. After rushing to her side, Brandt asked for a consult with a palliative care nurse.
	Researchers identify potential biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration Patients with any stage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) carry signs of the disease in their blood that may be found through special laboratory tests, according to a new study led by AMD researchers based at Massachusetts Eye and Ear. The study, published online today in Ophthalmology, describes a new technique known as "metabolomics," which can identify blood profiles associated with AMD—the leading cause of adult blindness in developed countries—and its level of severity. These potential lipid biomarkers in human blood plasma may lead to earlier diagnosis, better prognostic information and more precise treatment of patients with AMD, as well as potential new targets for AMD treatment.
	Age matters when it comes to screening for cervical cancer Getting checked for cervical cancer isn't one-size-fits-all. Draft guidelines released Tuesday show age makes a difference.
How does the age of our political leaders affect our opinions of older adults? There is a common perception that older adults as a group have lower social status than middle-aged adults. Researchers at the Robert N. Butler Aging Center at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found there is the potential to change these opinions. A study in 60 countries showed that individuals in countries with older political leaders have more positive perceptions of older adults' social status. This is one of the first studies to examine how exposure to public figures may shape perceptions of older adults. The findings are published online in the journal Psychology and Aging.
	Researchers identify critical molecular link between inflammation and diabetes A new study by researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UM SOM) has uncovered how inflammation contributes to a key feature of diabetes, the body's inability to metabolize glucose, a condition known as insulin resistance.
	Cost-effective imaging can determine patients' OSA risk and severity Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) affects approximately 34% of men and 17% of women within the adult population. Although sex, aging, and obesity are the main factors associated with OSA, research has shown that larger tongue, lateral pharyngeal walls, tonsils, soft palate, and total pharyngeal soft tissue volumes can also be considered OSA risks.
	Research discovers potential new Rx target for colon cancer Genetic research conducted at LSU Health New Orleans School of Medicine and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center demonstrated for the first time that a novel protein can cause normal cells in the lining of the colon to become malignant, grow and spread, as well as take on the characteristics of stem cells. The work, which details the process, is published online in Nature Research's Scientific Reports.
	Warfarin, rivaroxaban similarly safe, effective (HealthDay)—For cases of mild atrial fibrillation (AF)-related acute ischemic stroke, rivaroxaban and warfarin are similarly safe and effective at preventing recurrent stroke, according to a study published online Sept. 11 in JAMA Neurology.
	Antibiotic Rx adherence varies widely in sickle cell care (HealthDay)—Adherence to antibiotic guidelines for acute chest syndrome (ACS) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) varies widely, according to a study published online Sept. 11 in JAMA Pediatrics.
	HPV test alone OK for cervical cancer screening over 30: expert panel (HealthDay)—An influential U.S. panel of health experts is boosting support for the HPV test as a routine part of cervical cancer screening.
	Cancer drugs' high prices not justified by cost of development, study contends (HealthDay)— Excusing the sky-high price tags of many new cancer treatments, pharmaceutical companies often blame high research and development (R&D) costs.
	2017 standards of medical care in diabetes released (HealthDay)—Recommendations for the management and pharmacologic treatment of patients with diabetes have been updated; the new clinical guidelines were published online Sept. 12 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Preeclampsia may boost heart disease risk by altering blood vessels Preeclampsia may permanently change the blood vessels of women who experience the condition during pregnancy, boosting their lifelong risk for cardiovascular disease, according to Penn State researchers.
	Predicting atypical development in infants at high risk for autism? New research from the Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) identifies a potential biomarker that predicts atypical development in 1- to 2-month-old infants at high versus low familial risk for developing autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The search for neurobiological markers that precede atypical trajectories is important in infants with a high risk for developing autism-related disorders because early recognition allows for early intervention and mitigation of difficulties later in life.
	Kids praised for being smart are more likely to cheat, new studies find Kids who are praised for being smart, or who are told they have a reputation for being smart, are more likely to be dishonest and cheat, a pair of studies from the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE) at the University of Toronto and researchers in the U.S. and China has found.
People with disabilities face major hurdles accessing health care in UK People with disabilities in the UK face major hurdles accessing healthcare, reveals research published in the online journal BMJ Open. Disabled women are particularly disadvantaged, the findings show.
HRT can slow decline in lung function for middle-aged women Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can slow the decline in lung function in middle-aged women, according to new research presented at the European Respiratory Society International Congress today.
Does improving cardiovascular health reduce risk of dementia? Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis are recruiting volunteers for a national study that is exploring whether strategies to improve cardiovascular health also reduce the risk of dementia in those at risk for Alzheimer's disease.
​Eating well in the food desert We all know veggies keep us healthy. But for a lot of kids in regional and remote WA, it can be tricky to fill their diet with fresh, affordable food.
	Trial of innovative app to screen for cerebral palsy An app developed by the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Women's Hospital, and the University of Melbourne could revolutionise the way cerebral palsy is diagnosed and the timing of treatment.
Abortion, contraception, pregnancy—how women's bodies became a battlezone Outside, the mid-morning heat is stifling. It's not humid like the bustling metropolises of Mumbai or Kolkata; here in New Delhi it's a dry heat, the type of heat that exhausts you, made worse by a thick layer of dust which sticks to your face and stings your eyes.
	Breaking down barriers to accessing PrEP for men who have sex with men A new study has shown that barriers preventing men who have sex with men (MSM) from establishing nonjudgmental relationships with primary care providers may limit access to preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection. Improved patient-provider communication would allow for more open discussion about sexual behaviors, health risks, and preventive interventions, according to an article published in LGBT Health.
New survey of older Hispanics reveals many face language and cultural barriers to care Less than a quarter of Hispanics age 40 and older are confident that local home health aides, assisted living communities, or nursing homes can accommodate their cultural needs, according to a new survey from The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research. The study reveals that 49 percent of older Hispanics have already faced language or cultural barriers as they navigate the health care system, with two-thirds experiencing stress or delays in getting care as a result.
Do cancer and its treatment affect later pregnancy outcomes? An International Journal of Cancer study found that female survivors of certain types of cancer have higher risks of poor outcomes in pregnancies conceived after diagnosis than women without cancer.
	Doctors spend half of workday in the electronic health record Primary care physicians spend more than one-half of their workday interacting with the electronic health record during and after clinic hours.
Cancer patients receive less support to quit smoking than patients with heart disease Although a cancer diagnosis can motivate people to try to quit smoking, a study of British general practitioners finds that physicians are more likely to support smoking cessation in primary care patients with coronary heart disease than those with cancer, and patients with cancer are less likely to stop smoking.
Blame often attributed to others in patient safety incident reports When primary care staff members report patient safety incidents, they often attribute blame not to system failures but to the actions of individuals, according to a new study. Because fear of blame and retribution are known to prevent health care staff, particularly in hospital settings, from using incident reporting systems to communicate patient safety concerns, researchers in the United Kingdom explored the nature of blame from primary care incident reports themselves.
Trustworthiness and public investment in clinical practice guidelines Although clinical practice guidelines should be based on high quality research and practice experience, they vary in their relevance to practice, use of evidence, and other factors. Researchers have now developed the Guideline Trustworthiness, Relevance, and Utility Scoring Tool (G-TRUST), a tool for clinicians to identify useful practice guidelines.
Affordable Care Act expands health coverage to more patients, although differences remain Expansion of Medicaid coverage under the Affordable Care Act has contributed to sizeable decreases in medical visits in which people were uninsured. This is true across all racial and ethnic groups, although disparities remain.
Adults with intellectual disabilities are at high risk of preventable emergency admissions Adults with intellectual disabilities have more than twice as many emergency hospital admissions and five times more preventable emergency admissions than other comparable individuals.
Scribes improve physician satisfaction with no negative effects on patient satisfaction The first randomized controlled trial of scribes finds that they produce significant improvements in physician satisfaction without detracting from patient satisfaction.
	Alzheimer's disease biomarker identified across test sites A new study has demonstrated the potential to use a frequency distribution-based index of brain functional connectivity as a biomarker for detecting Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). These new findings, which show the index of functional connectivity to have good accuracy across databases and test sites, are published in Brain Connectivity.
Agriculture and health sectors collaborate to address population health In at least 18 states around the United States, academic health science centers are partnering with cooperative extension systems to better address population health. A new report describes how these agricultural and health entities are using complementary resources to meet the health needs of local communities.
Primary care practices use 4 complementary methods to identify high-risk patients Risk stratified care management—assigning a patient to a risk category on which care is based—is increasingly viewed as a way to improve care and reduce costs.
Examining how psychiatric disorders progress Loyola Medicine psychiatrist Angelos Halaris, MD, is co-editor of a major new publication examining how psychiatric disorders progress over time, and how this progression can be stopped.
	Inhibitors support immune therapy for leukemia New immune therapies are considered a promising lead for treating recurring acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Antibodies are able to eliminate even those cancer cells that cannot be removed via regular therapies. Scientists from the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and the Munich University Hospital and Tübingen University Hospital have shown that, in conjunction with certain inhibitors, this form of therapy could be successful in even more patients.

Other Sciences news

	Genes linked with education and fertility depend on when and where you live Different genes affect educational attainment and fertility in different times and places, according to new research from the University of Oxford. This means we could be missing important variations when we try to draw conclusions about the influence of genes on human behaviour, because combining data sets from vastly different countries and historical periods could muddy the waters.
	Debunking study suggests ways to counter misinformation and correct 'fake news' It's no use simply telling people they have their facts wrong. To be more effective at correcting misinformation in news accounts and intentionally misleading "fake news," you need to provide a detailed counter-message with new information—and get your audience to help develop a new narrative.
Researchers explain how musicians can craft their next chart-topper People like to say that mainstream music all tends to sound similar. While this is true to an extent, an analysis of more than 26,000 songs by researchers at INSEAD and Columbia Business School shows that breakout songs - the songs that hit the very top of the charts - are those that conform to current musical preferences while infusing a modicum of individuality.
	Stonehenge road tunnel gets go-ahead despite protests Years of protests from druids and archaeologists have failed to derail plans for a new road tunnel near Britain's Stone Age site of Stonehenge, which received final approval from the government on Tuesday.
Returning home during historical Age of Mass Migration Today's conversation about immigration and the role of immigrants in America is not so different from the conversations that took place more than 100 years ago, when European immigrants settled in cities and on farms in the United States.
	Failure to find a job can land women back in prison Los Angeles incarcerates more people than any other city in the world, at a fiscal cost of more than $75,000 per person annually. But University of California, Riverside sociologist Susila Gurusami said incarceration also has high social costs that disproportionately burden black communities in areas like South Los Angeles.
	Hurricanes drive immigration to the U.S.—helped by green cards When hurricanes hit other countries, the United States often sees a bump in migration into the country—and the biggest hike in migration rates happen from countries that already have a strong population established in the U.S., according to new research from the University of Michigan.
	These four easy steps can make you a math whiz Many people find mathematics daunting. If true, this piece is for you. If not, this piece is still for you.
	Drunken noodles or Pad Kee Mao? Language matters on ethnic menus Ethnic restaurants like to brag about how "authentic" they are.
	Statistics reveals new, more precise insight into upward mobility between generations As political rhetoric containing promises of education, social opportunities and other development for disadvantaged people continues to fill the airwaves, economics researchers have developed state-of-the-art statistical methods that uncover the impact of different aspects of upward mobility (or lack thereof), aside from parental income. The new research, titled "Status Traps," appears in a recent issue of the Journal of Business & Economic Statistics.
	Social media helps students learn scientific argumentation better, study says Adults often bemoan the amount of time young people spend staring at a screen and browsing social media. But social media can not only be a way to teach students elements of the scientific process, those who took part in a program to learn scientific argumentation through social media learned the components of argumentation better than their peers who did not, a University of Kansas study has found.
	She loves me, she loves me not: The analytics behind finding true love with online dating Looking for love online? You are not alone. Nearly 50 percent of the American public knows someone who has used an online dating site and 5 percent of Americans who are married or in committed relationships today met their significant other online. But with so many different online dating platforms, how can users know which one will best meet their needs? According to a new study in the INFORMS journal Management Science, it all depends on if you are comfortable with rejection. If not, be prepared to pay more.
	Housing crisis pushing people into rural areas with already stretched health services Health services in rural and remote areas are struggling to cope with an influx of people on low, fixed incomes moving to these areas, researchers at U of T's Dalla Lana School of Public Health have found.

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